Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9660, USA,
Acta Neurol Belg. 2013 Dec;113(4):501-6. doi: 10.1007/s13760-013-0232-4. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
Glycolipids are amphipathic molecules which are highly expressed on cell membranes in skin and brain where they mediate several key cellular processes. Neural stem cells are defined as undifferentiated, proliferative, multipotential cells with extensive self-renewal and are responsive to brain injury. Di-rhamnolipid: α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid, also referred to as di-rhamnolipid BAC-3, is a glycolipid isolated from the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the previous studies, di-rhamnolipid enhanced dermal tissue healing and regeneration. The present study provides the first assessment of di-rhamnolipid, and glycolipid biosurfactants in general, on the nervous system. Treatment of neural stem cells isolated from the lateral ventricle of adult mice and cultured in defined media containing growth factors at 0.5 and 1 μg/ml of di-rhamnolipid increased the number of neurospheres (2.7- and 2.8-fold, respectively) compared to controls and this effect remained even after passaging in the absence of di-rhamnolipid. In addition, neural stem cells treated with di-rhamnolipid at 50 and 100 μg/ml in defined media supplemented with fetal calf serum and without growth factors exhibited increased cell viability, indicating an interaction between di-rhamnolipid and serum components in the regulation of neural stem cells and neuroprogenitors. Intracerebroventricular administration of di-rhamnolipid at 300 and 120 ng/day increased the number of neurospheres (1.3- and 1.63-fold, respectively) that could be derived from the anterior lateral ventricles of adult mice. These results indicate that di-rhamnolipid stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells and increases their endogenous pools which may have therapeutic potential in managing neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disorders and promoting nervous tissue regeneration following injury.
糖脂是一种两亲性分子，在皮肤和大脑的细胞膜上高度表达，在那里它们介导几种关键的细胞过程。神经干细胞被定义为未分化、增殖、多能细胞，具有广泛的自我更新能力，并对脑损伤有反应。二鼠李糖脂：α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-2)α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-3-羟癸酰基-3-羟癸酸，也称为二鼠李糖脂 BAC-3，是从铜绿假单胞菌中分离出来的糖脂。在以前的研究中，二鼠李糖脂增强了皮肤组织的愈合和再生。本研究首次评估了二鼠李糖脂，以及一般的糖脂生物表面活性剂对神经系统的影响。用 0.5 和 1μg/ml 的二鼠李糖脂处理从成年小鼠侧脑室分离并在含有生长因子的限定培养基中培养的神经干细胞，与对照组相比，神经球的数量增加了（分别为 2.7-和 2.8 倍），并且这种作用在没有二鼠李糖脂的情况下传代后仍然存在。此外，在补充有胎牛血清且没有生长因子的限定培养基中，用 50 和 100μg/ml 的二鼠李糖脂处理的神经干细胞表现出更高的细胞活力，表明二鼠李糖脂与血清成分之间的相互作用在调节神经干细胞和神经祖细胞。在 300 和 120ng/天的侧脑室内给予二鼠李糖脂，可使成年小鼠前侧脑室衍生的神经球数量增加（分别为 1.3-和 1.63 倍）。这些结果表明，二鼠李糖脂刺激神经干细胞的增殖并增加其内源性池，这可能在管理神经退行性或神经精神疾病以及促进受伤后的神经组织再生方面具有治疗潜力。
