Department of Venomous Animals and Antivenom Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2013 Feb 27;19(1):3. doi: 10.1186/1678-9199-19-3.
The venom of the family Viperidae, including the saw-scaled viper, is rich in serine proteinases and metalloproteinases, which affect the nervous system, complementary system, blood coagulation, platelet aggregation and blood pressure. One of the most prominent effects of the snake venom of Echis carinatus (Ec) is its coagulation activity, used for killing prey.
Subfractions F1A and F1B were isolated from Ec crude venom by a combination of gel chromatography (Sephadex G-75) and ion exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sepharose (DE-52). These subfractions were then intravenously (IV) injected into NIH male mice. Blood samples were taken before and after the administration of these subfractions. Times for prothrombin, partial thromboplastin and fibrinogen were recorded.
Comparison of the prothrombin time before and after F1A and F1B administrations showed that time for blood coagulation after injection is shorter than that of normal blood coagulation and also reduced coagulation time after Ec crude venom injection. This difference in coagulation time shows the intense coagulation activity of these subfractions that significantly increase the coagulation cascade rate and Causes to quick blood coagulation. The LD50 of the Ec crude venom was also determined to be 11.1 μg/mouse. Different crude venom doses were prepared with physiological serum and injected into four mice. Comparison of the prothrombin times after injection of subfractions F1A and F1B showed that the rate of mouse blood coagulation increases considerably. Comparing the partial thromboplastin times after injecting these subfractions with this normal test time showed that the activity rate of intrinsic blood coagulation system rose sharply in mice. Finally, by comparing the fibrinogen time after subfraction injections and normal test time, we can infer intense activation of coagulation cascade and fibrin production.
包括竹叶青蛇在内的蝰科蛇毒富含丝氨酸蛋白酶和金属蛋白酶，它们会影响神经系统、补体系统、凝血、血小板聚集和血压。竹叶青蛇蛇毒最显著的作用之一是其凝血活性，用于杀死猎物。
采用凝胶色谱（Sephadex G-75）和 DEAE-琼脂糖（DE-52）离子交换色谱相结合的方法，从竹叶青蛇粗毒中分离出 F1A 和 F1B 亚组分。然后将这些亚组分静脉（IV）注射到 NIH 雄性小鼠体内。在给予这些亚组分之前和之后采集血液样本。记录凝血酶原、部分凝血活酶和纤维蛋白原的时间。
比较 F1A 和 F1B 给药前后的凝血酶原时间，发现注射后血液凝固时间比正常凝血时间短，同时也缩短了竹叶青蛇粗毒注射后的凝血时间。这种凝血时间的差异表明这些亚组分具有强烈的凝血活性，显著增加了凝血级联反应的速率，导致血液迅速凝固。还确定了竹叶青蛇粗毒的 LD50 为 11.1 μg/只。用生理血清制备不同剂量的粗毒，注射到四只小鼠中。比较 F1A 和 F1B 亚组分注射后的凝血酶原时间，发现小鼠血液凝固的速度显著增加。比较注射这些亚组分后与正常测试时间的部分凝血活酶时间，表明小鼠内源性凝血系统的活性率急剧上升。最后，通过比较亚组分注射后纤维蛋白原时间和正常测试时间，可以推断出凝血级联的强烈激活和纤维蛋白的产生。
