Jeukendrup Asker E
Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Barrington, IL 60010, USA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2013 Jul-Aug;12(4):222-7. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31829a6caa.
Carbohydrates during exercise can improve exercise performance even when the exercise intensity is high (>75% V˙O2max) and the duration relatively short (approximately 1 h), but the underlying mechanisms for the ergogenic effects are different from those during more prolonged exercise. Studies have even shown effects of oral carbohydrate mouth rinses compared to placebo with improvements typically between 2% and 3% during exercise lasting approximately 1 h. The effects appear more profound after an overnight fast, but effects are still present even after ingestion of a meal. Brain imaging studies have identified brain areas involved, and it is likely that the oral carbohydrate mouth rinse results in afferent signals capable of modifying motor output. These effects appear to be specific to carbohydrate and are independent of taste. Further research is warranted to fully understand the separate taste transduction pathways for various carbohydrates as well as the practical implications.
即使运动强度较高（>75%最大摄氧量）且持续时间相对较短（约1小时），运动期间摄入碳水化合物仍可提高运动表现，但这种促力作用的潜在机制与更长时间运动时不同。研究甚至表明，与安慰剂相比，口服碳水化合物漱口能产生效果，在持续约1小时的运动中，表现通常可提高2%至3%。禁食一夜后这些效果似乎更显著，但即使在进食后效果依然存在。脑成像研究已确定了相关脑区，口服碳水化合物漱口很可能会产生能够改变运动输出的传入信号。这些效果似乎对碳水化合物具有特异性，且与味道无关。有必要进行进一步研究，以全面了解各种碳水化合物单独的味觉转导途径以及实际意义。
