Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, 1000 Arlindo Béttio Avenue, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.
Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, University of Campinas, 701 Érico Veríssimo Avenue, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13.083-851, Brazil.
Sports Med. 2019 Jan;49(1):57-66. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-1029-7.
Despite the growing number of studies reporting carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on endurance performance, no systematic and meta-analysis review has been conducted to elucidate the level of evidence of carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on cycling trial performance such as time-, work-, and distance-based trials.
The objective of this study were to establish the effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on cycling performance outcomes such as mean power output and time to complete a trial, together with the risk of bias in the cycling-carbohydrate mouth rinse literature.
We systematically reviewed randomized placebo-controlled trials that assessed carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on mean power output and time to complete the trial. A random-effects meta-analysis assessed the standardized mean difference between carbohydrate and placebo mouth rinses.
Thirteen studies (16 trials) were qualitatively (systematic review) and quantitatively (meta-analysis) analyzed with regard to mean power output (n = 175) and time to complete the trial (n = 151). Overall, the reviewed studies showed a low risk of bias and homogeneous results for mean power output (I = 0%) and time to complete the trial (I = 0%). When compared with placebo, the carbohydrate mouth rinse improved mean power output (standardized mean difference = 0.25; 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.46; p = 0.02), but not the time to complete the trial (standardized mean difference = - 0.13; 95% confidence interval - 0.36 to 0.10; p = 0.25).
The present systematic and meta-analytic review supports the notion that a carbohydrate mouth rinse has the potential to increase mean power output in cycling trials, despite showing no superiority over placebo in improving time to complete the trials.
尽管越来越多的研究报告表明碳水化合物漱口对耐力表现有影响，但尚未进行系统的荟萃分析来阐明碳水化合物漱口对自行车试验表现（如基于时间、工作和距离的试验）的证据水平。
本研究的目的是确定碳水化合物漱口对自行车性能结果（如平均功率输出和完成试验的时间）的影响，以及自行车-碳水化合物漱口文献中的偏倚风险。
我们系统地回顾了评估碳水化合物漱口对平均功率输出和完成试验时间的影响的随机安慰剂对照试验。使用随机效应荟萃分析评估碳水化合物和安慰剂漱口之间的标准化均数差值。
对 13 项研究（16 项试验）进行了定性（系统评价）和定量（荟萃分析）分析，以评估平均功率输出（n=175）和完成试验的时间（n=151）。总体而言，综述研究的偏倚风险较低，且平均功率输出（I=0%）和完成试验时间（I=0%）的结果具有同质性。与安慰剂相比，碳水化合物漱口可提高平均功率输出（标准化均数差值=0.25；95%置信区间 0.04-0.46；p=0.02），但对完成试验的时间没有影响（标准化均数差值=-0.13；95%置信区间 -0.36 至 0.10；p=0.25）。
本系统的荟萃分析支持这样一种观点，即碳水化合物漱口有潜力提高自行车试验中的平均功率输出，尽管在改善完成试验的时间方面没有优于安慰剂。
