Choi Da-Yae, Woo Yong-Je, Won Sung-Yoon, Kim Da-Hye, Kim Hee-Jin, Hu Kyung-Seok
Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.
J Craniofac Surg. 2013 Jul;24(4):1403-7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31828b75da.
The aim of this study was to determine the location and size of the lingual foramina and the course of their canals using micro-computed tomography. Twenty Korean mandibles were scanned using a micro-computed tomography system and reconstructed three-dimensionally to enable observation of the lingual foramina and their canals. Four mandibles (20%) had a single foramen at the lingual side of the mandibular midline, 8 mandibles (40%) had 2 foramina, and 5 mandibles (25%) had 3 foramina. Three mandibles (15%) had 4 small foramina with short canals. The foramina were classified as either superior lingual foramina or inferior lingual foramina according to their vertical location relative to the mental spine. The diameters of superior lingual foramina and inferior lingual foramina were 0.75 ± 0.36 and 0.73 ± 0.38 mm (mean ± SD), respectively. The distances from the inferior border of the mandible to superior lingual foramina and inferior lingual foramina were 12.58 ± 2.49 and 6.43 ± 3.08 mm, respectively. Ten canals (21%) traveled upward to the labial side, 24 canals (51%) downward, and 13 canals (28%) parallel to it. Ten mandibles (50%) had lateral foramina.With regard to implant surgery of the anterior mandibular region, the most hazardous zones for lingual foramina are 0 to 2 mm from the midline, the upper 3 to 17 mm from the inferior border of the mandible, and the anterior 0 to 7 mm from the lingual side. Careful preoperative planning taking into account the anatomical location of these foramina might help to avoid complications due to damage to the foramina, their canals, and their contents.
本研究的目的是使用微型计算机断层扫描确定舌孔的位置和大小及其管道的走行。使用微型计算机断层扫描系统对20例韩国人的下颌骨进行扫描，并进行三维重建，以观察舌孔及其管道。4例下颌骨（20%）在下颌中线舌侧有1个孔，8例下颌骨（40%）有2个孔，5例下颌骨（25%）有3个孔。3例下颌骨（15%）有4个小管的小孔。根据舌孔相对于颏棘的垂直位置，将其分为上舌孔或下舌孔。上舌孔和下舌孔的直径分别为0.75±0.36和0.73±0.38mm（平均值±标准差）。下颌骨下缘至上舌孔和下舌孔的距离分别为12.58±2.49和6.43±3.08mm。10条管道（21%）向上走行至唇侧，24条管道（51%）向下走行，13条管道（28%）与之平行。10例下颌骨（50%）有侧孔。关于下颌前部区域的种植手术，舌孔最危险的区域是距中线0至2mm、距下颌骨下缘上方3至17mm以及距舌侧前方0至7mm。术前仔细规划，考虑到这些孔的解剖位置，可能有助于避免因损伤孔、其管道及其内容物而导致的并发症。
