School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
Sci Rep. 2013;3:2188. doi: 10.1038/srep02188.
Liquids flow, and in this sense are close to gases. At the same time, interactions in liquids are strong as in solids. The combination of these two properties is believed to be the ultimate obstacle to constructing a general theory of liquids. Here, we adopt a new approach: instead of focusing on the problem of strong interactions, we zero in on the relative contributions of vibrational and diffusional motion. We show that liquid energy and specific heat are given, to a very good approximation, by their vibrational contributions as in solids over almost entire range of relaxation time in which liquids exist as such, and demonstrate that this result is consistent with liquid entropy exceeding solid entropy. Our analysis therefore reveals an interesting duality of liquids not hitherto known: they are close to solids from the thermodynamic perspective and to flowing gases. We discuss several implications of this result.
液体流动，在这个意义上与气体相近。同时，液体中的相互作用像固体一样强。这两种特性的结合被认为是构建液体通用理论的最终障碍。在这里，我们采用了一种新方法：我们不是专注于强相互作用的问题，而是集中研究振动和扩散运动的相对贡献。我们表明，液体的能量和比热在很大程度上近似于其在固体中的振动贡献，几乎涵盖了液体作为液体存在的整个弛豫时间范围，并且证明这一结果与液体熵超过固体熵的结果一致。因此，我们的分析揭示了液体迄今为止尚未被认识到的有趣的双重性：从热力学的角度来看，它们与固体相近，而与流动的气体相近。我们讨论了这一结果的几个含义。
