Zheng Zhong-Zhong, Shen Jin-Qiu, Pan Wei-Huai, Pan Jian-Wei
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Yi Chuan. 2013 Jul;35(7):875-84. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2013.00875.
Calcium (Ca2+) signals are a core regulator of plant growth and development and responses to environmental cues and thus highlighted in plant physiological and stress biology. External stimuli trigger specifically intracellular spatial and temporal [Ca2+]cyt variations in plant cells. This [Ca2+]cyt variations will be sensed and decoded by calcium sensors and, in turn, calcium sensor interacting proteins transmit resulting signals to the downstream effectors to activate the expression of early response genes or promote ion channel activities, finally leading to specific stress responses. How the plant cell distinguishes different types or intensity of external stimuli through sensing intracellular spatial and temporal variations of Ca2+ signals is a scientific issue recently highlighted by plant biologists. This review summarized recent advances in the research field of plant calcium sensors, including the structural characteristics, functional roles, and stress signaling path-ways of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calmodulins (CaMs), calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), and cal-cineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting kinases (CIPKs), and moreover provided new insights and perspectives.
钙（Ca2+）信号是植物生长发育以及对环境信号响应的核心调节因子，因此在植物生理学和胁迫生物学中备受关注。外部刺激会特异性地触发植物细胞内钙离子浓度（[Ca2+]cyt）在空间和时间上的变化。这种[Ca2+]cyt变化会被钙传感器感知并解码，进而，与钙传感器相互作用的蛋白会将产生的信号传递给下游效应器，以激活早期响应基因的表达或促进离子通道活性，最终导致特定的胁迫响应。植物细胞如何通过感知细胞内Ca2+信号的时空变化来区分不同类型或强度的外部刺激，是植物生物学家最近关注的一个科学问题。本综述总结了植物钙传感器研究领域的最新进展，包括依赖钙的蛋白激酶（CDPKs）、钙调蛋白（CaMs）、类钙调蛋白（CMLs）和类钙调神经磷酸酶B蛋白（CBLs）及其相互作用激酶（CIPKs）的结构特征、功能作用和胁迫信号传导途径，此外还提供了新的见解和观点。
