Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Appetite. 2013 Nov;70:127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.06.097. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
The study examines psychosocial mechanisms in dietary change using the health action process approach (HAPA) as its theoretical backdrop. Previous studies have supported the model in the domain of dietary behaviors but it has not yet been studied in China.
Dietary planning is assumed to mediate between intentions and dietary behaviors. However, among individuals scoring low on proactive coping, this mediation might fail. Therefore, an extension of the model by including proactive coping is examined.
Psychometric scales were administered at two points in time, three months apart, to 240 young Chinese men and women. Intentions, outcome expectancies, risk perception, action self-efficacy, and proactive coping were assessed at Time 1, whereas planning, coping self-efficacy, and dietary behavior were measured at Time 2.
Structural equation models replicated previous evidence on the validity of the HAPA. Intentions and planning mediated sequentially the effects of outcome expectancies and self-efficacy on dietary behaviors. Moreover, the inclusion of proactive coping yielded no main effects, but an interaction between intentions and proactive coping on dietary planning. The intention-planning-behavior chain was moderated by proactive coping which means that this connection operates only well when individuals are proactive.
A combination of proactive coping and the motivation to eat healthy foods facilitates dietary planning which, in turn, benefits corresponding behaviors.
本研究以健康行动过程方法（HAPA）为理论背景，考察了饮食改变中的心理社会机制。先前的研究已经在饮食行为领域支持了该模型，但尚未在中国进行研究。
饮食计划被认为在意图和饮食行为之间起中介作用。然而，在主动应对得分较低的个体中，这种中介可能会失败。因此，本研究通过纳入主动应对来扩展模型。
在三个月的时间间隔内，对 240 名年轻的中国男性和女性进行了两次心理测量量表的测试。在第 1 次测试时评估了意图、预期结果、风险感知、行动自我效能和主动应对，而在第 2 次测试时则测量了计划、应对自我效能和饮食行为。
结构方程模型复制了 HAPA 有效性的先前证据。意图和计划依次介导了预期结果和自我效能对饮食行为的影响。此外，主动应对的纳入没有产生主要影响，但在意图和主动应对对饮食计划的影响上存在交互作用。主动应对调节了意图-计划-行为链，这意味着只有当个体主动时，这种联系才会起作用。
主动应对和健康饮食的动机的结合促进了饮食计划的制定，从而有利于相应的行为。
