MSc student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2023 Jul;33(4):571-580. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i4.3.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, and dietary adherence is a self-care practice. This research aims to improve dietary adherence among type 2 diabetics in Zahedan using the HAPA model.
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 210 type 2 diabetics admitted to hospital clinics in Zahedan during summer 2022 were selected. The intervention group (n = 105) and the control group (n = 105) were from hospitals in Zahedan. Samples were selected by the simple random sampling method among the diabetics. After data collection using the demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Dietary Adherence Questionnaire and the HAPA model constructs questionnaire, the pre-test analysis was performed. One and three months after the educational intervention, the questionnaires on HAPA model constructs and self-care behavior were filled out by the patients. Next, data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square test, and the Shapiro-Wilk test in SPSS 23.
The results showed that all of the HAPA model constructs had significant differences, one and three months after the educational intervention (P = 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of education in the intervention group. However, there was no significant difference in the control group (P = 0.009).
After the intervention using the HAPA model, the model's constructs had a significant impact on the patients' self-care of dietary adherence following the training.
2 型糖尿病是最常见的糖尿病类型，饮食依从性是一种自我护理实践。本研究旨在使用 HAPA 模型提高扎黑丹 2 型糖尿病患者的饮食依从性。
在这项横断面研究中，共选择了 2022 年夏季扎黑丹医院诊所收治的 210 名 2 型糖尿病患者。干预组（n = 105）和对照组（n = 105）均来自扎黑丹的医院。采用简单随机抽样法从糖尿病患者中抽取样本。在使用人口统计学特征问卷和饮食依从性问卷以及 HAPA 模型结构问卷收集数据后，进行预测试分析。在教育干预后 1 个月和 3 个月，患者填写 HAPA 模型结构和自我护理行为问卷。然后，使用 SPSS 23 中的独立 t 检验、卡方检验和 Shapiro-Wilk 检验对数据进行分析。
结果表明，教育干预后一个月和三个月，所有 HAPA 模型结构均有显著差异（P = 0.001），表明干预组的教育有效。然而，对照组没有显著差异（P = 0.009）。
使用 HAPA 模型进行干预后，该模型的结构对患者接受培训后的饮食依从性自我护理有显著影响。
