1Civil Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah Univerity of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Waste Manag Res. 2013 Oct;31(10 Suppl):81-92. doi: 10.1177/0734242X13496305. Epub 2013 Jul 15.
Private sector involvement in solid waste management in developing countries has increased, but the effect is not always clear. This study assesses how it has been organized in five cities in Ghana, what has been its effect and what lessons for private sector development in developing countries can be drawn. Data were collected from 25 private companies and a sample of 1200 households. More than 60% of solid waste in Ghanaian cities is now collected by private enterprises. Sometimes, and increasingly, competitive bidding takes place, although sometimes no bidding is organized leading to rendering of this service and no contract being signed. Local governments and local solid waste companies have not changed to more customer-oriented delivery because of the slow pace of charging users and the resulting low rate of cost recovery. The participation of the population has been limited, which contributes to low cost recovery. However, a gradual better functioning of the system put in place is shown. We observed an increasing use of competitive bidding, signing of contracts and city-wide user charging.
私营部门参与发展中国家的固体废物管理有所增加，但效果并不总是明确。本研究评估了加纳五个城市的组织方式、效果，以及可以为发展中国家的私营部门发展带来哪些经验教训。数据来自 25 家私营公司和 1200 户家庭的样本。加纳城市中超过 60%的固体废物现在由私营企业收集。有时，尽管有时没有组织竞标，会出现竞标，但越来越多的是竞争招标，尽管有时没有组织竞标，导致服务提供和没有签订合同。由于向用户收费的速度缓慢，导致成本回收的比例较低，地方政府和当地固体废物公司并没有改变以客户为导向的交付方式。由于参与人口有限，导致成本回收较低。然而，所建立的系统的运行情况正在逐步改善。我们观察到竞争招标、签订合同和全市范围内向用户收费的使用越来越多。
