1Ethiopia Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Waste Manag Res. 2014 Jan;32(1):79-87. doi: 10.1177/0734242X13513826. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
Privatization of urban services focuses often on the involvement of foreign enterprises. This contribution deals with micro-privatization, the partial transfer of government responsibility for solid waste collection to micro-enterprises. It tries to shed light on whether the current private sector participation (PSP) of micro-enterprises in solid waste collection service is the best way to capture the expected advantages of private sector involvement. The article examines the relations of the micro-enterprises with beneficiaries and the public sector by focusing on the contract procedure, the tariff-setting process, the cost recovery mechanism and institutionalizing of market principles for micro-enterprises. The research was carried out using secondary and primary data sources. Primary data were collected through the interviewing of public sector officials at different levels, focus group discussions with community groups and micro-enterprises, and observation. A survey was conducted among 160 micro-enterprises in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a standard questionnaire. What are some of the factors contributing to the results of PSP in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia? Policies at higher levels of government definitely produced an overall climate conducive to micro-privatization and recognized the need to develop micro-enterprises, but it is not clear what role the micro-enterprises are to play in solid waste management. New opportunities were created by formalization and taken up by communities and micro-enterprises. Coverage and waste collected both increased. The initiation and institutionalization of the formalization process was not without problems. The public sector over-stressed the autonomy of micro-enterprises. The fate of the micro-enterprises is largely determined by the reforms undertaken at local government level. The rapid changes in policies at the local level made waste-collecting micro-enterprises lose confidence and more dependent on the public sector. The study shows the continued power of the state and its agents in shaping developments in this domain.
城市服务的私有化通常侧重于外国企业的参与。本研究涉及微观私有化，即将政府对固体废物收集的部分责任转移给微型企业。本文试图探讨当前微型企业参与固体废物收集服务的私人部门参与（PSP）是否是利用私人部门参与的预期优势的最佳途径。本文通过关注合同程序、定价过程、成本回收机制以及为微型企业制度化市场原则，研究了微型企业与受益人和公共部门的关系。研究采用了二手和一手数据源。主要数据通过采访不同级别公共部门的官员、与社区团体和微型企业的焦点小组讨论以及观察收集。在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴，对 160 家微型企业进行了一项调查，使用了标准问卷。埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴 PSP 结果的一些促成因素是什么？政府高层的政策确实营造了有利于微观私有化的整体氛围，并认识到需要发展微型企业，但目前还不清楚微型企业在固体废物管理中应发挥什么作用。正式化创造了新的机会，被社区和微型企业所利用。覆盖范围和收集的废物都有所增加。正式化进程的启动和制度化并非没有问题。公共部门过分强调微型企业的自主权。微型企业的命运在很大程度上取决于地方政府一级进行的改革。地方一级政策的迅速变化使垃圾收集微型企业失去信心，并更加依赖公共部门。该研究表明，国家及其代理人在塑造这一领域的发展方面仍然具有强大的影响力。
