Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2013 May;238(5):502-8. doi: 10.1177/1535370213480695.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing which becomes worrisome due to its association with several diseases and certain types of cancers. While weight control through dietary caloric restriction and/or physical activity protects against cancer in animal models, the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. Weight loss due to negative energy balance is associated with alterations of multiple growth factors and endocrine hormones. The altered hormones and hormone-related functions appear to be responsible for anti-cancer mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent studies related to weight loss and the altered endocrine hormones, focusing on the reduced levels of the mitogenic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and adipokine leptin as well as the raised levels of adiponectin and glucocorticoids. The potential molecular targets of these hormone-dependent signalling pathways are also discussed. Considering the increasing trends of obesity throughout the world, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms between body weight, endocrine hormones and cancer risk may lead to novel approaches to cancer prevention and treatment.
肥胖的患病率正在上升，由于其与多种疾病和某些类型的癌症有关，因此令人担忧。虽然通过饮食热量限制和/或体育锻炼来控制体重可以预防动物模型中的癌症，但潜在的机制尚未完全确定。由于负能平衡导致的体重减轻与多种生长因子和内分泌激素的改变有关。改变的激素和与激素相关的功能似乎是抗癌机制的原因。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与体重减轻和改变的内分泌激素相关的最新研究，重点关注促有丝分裂的胰岛素样生长因子 1 (IGF-1)和脂肪因子瘦素水平降低，以及脂联素和糖皮质激素水平升高。还讨论了这些激素依赖性信号通路的潜在分子靶标。考虑到肥胖在全球范围内的上升趋势，更好地了解体重、内分泌激素和癌症风险之间的潜在机制可能会为癌症预防和治疗带来新的方法。
