Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lab Chip. 2013 Sep 21;13(18):3613-25. doi: 10.1039/c3lc50492a.
One of the major bottlenecks in the development of biochips is maintaining the structure and function of biomolecules when interfacing them with hard matter (glass, plastics, metals, etc.), a challenge that is exacerbated during miniaturization that inevitably increases the interface to volume ratio of these devices. Biochips based on immobilized vesicles circumvent this problem by encapsulating biomolecules in the protective environment of a lipid bilayer, thus minimizing interactions with hard surfaces. Here we review the development of biochips based on arrays of single nanoscale vesicles, their fabrication via controlled self-assembly, and their characterization using fluorescence microscopy. We also highlight their applications in selected fields such as nanofluidics and single molecule bioscience. Despite their great potential for improved biocompatibility, extreme miniaturization and high throughput, single vesicle biochips are still a niche technology that has yet to establish its commercial relevance.
生物芯片发展的主要瓶颈之一是在与硬物质（玻璃、塑料、金属等）接口时保持生物分子的结构和功能，而在不可避免地增加这些设备的界面与体积比的小型化过程中，这一挑战更加严重。基于固定化囊泡的生物芯片通过将生物分子封装在脂质双层的保护环境中，从而最小化与硬表面的相互作用，解决了这个问题。在这里，我们综述了基于单纳米囊泡阵列的生物芯片的发展，它们通过受控自组装的制备方法，以及使用荧光显微镜对它们的特性进行的表征。我们还强调了它们在纳米流体学和单分子生物科学等选定领域的应用。尽管它们在提高生物相容性、极端小型化和高通量方面具有巨大的潜力，但单囊泡生物芯片仍然是一种利基技术，尚未确立其商业相关性。
