Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(5):644-52. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.795982.
Although grapefruit intake leads to elevated serum estrogen levels when hormones are taken orally, there are no published data on the effect on endogenous levels. We conducted a pilot dietary intervention study among healthy postmenopausal volunteers to test whole grapefruit, 2 juices, and 1 grapefruit soda. Fifty-nine participants were recruited through the Love/Avon Army of Women. The study consisted of a 3-wk run-in, 2 wk of grapefruit intake, and a 1-wk wash-out. Eight fasting blood samples were collected. An additional 5 samples drawn at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 hr after grapefruit intake were collected during an acute-phase study for 10 women. Serum assays for estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estrone-3-sulfate (E1S), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin were conducted. Whole grapefruit intake had significant effects on endogenous E1S. Peak effects were seen at 8 hr, increasing by 26% from baseline. No changes in mean E1 or E2 with whole fruit intake were observed. In contrast, fresh juice, bottled juice, and soda intake all had significant lowering effects on E2. The findings suggest an important interaction between grapefruit intake and endogenous estrogen levels. Because endogenous estrogen levels are associated with breast cancer risk, further research is warranted.
尽管食用葡萄柚会导致口服激素时血清雌激素水平升高，但目前尚无关于其对内源性水平影响的发表数据。我们在健康绝经后志愿者中进行了一项初步饮食干预研究，以测试整个葡萄柚、2 种果汁和 1 种葡萄柚苏打水的效果。59 名参与者通过 Love/Avon 妇女军团招募。研究包括 3 周的适应期、2 周的葡萄柚摄入期和 1 周的洗脱期。采集了 8 份空腹血样。在 10 名女性的急性研究期间，还额外采集了 5 份在葡萄柚摄入后 1、2、4、8 和 10 小时抽取的样本。进行了雌酮（E1）、雌二醇（E2）、雌酮-3-硫酸盐（E1S）、脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐和性激素结合球蛋白的血清检测。整个葡萄柚的摄入对内源性 E1S 有显著影响。峰值作用出现在 8 小时，比基线增加 26%。未观察到全果摄入对平均 E1 或 E2 的变化。相比之下，新鲜果汁、瓶装果汁和苏打水的摄入均对 E2 有显著降低作用。这些发现表明葡萄柚摄入与内源性雌激素水平之间存在重要的相互作用。由于内源性雌激素水平与乳腺癌风险相关，因此需要进一步研究。
