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自噬对于线虫诱捕真菌节丛孢形成诱捕器是必需的。

Autophagy is required for trap formation in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.

机构信息

Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.

出版信息

Environ Microbiol Rep. 2013 Aug;5(4):511-7. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12054. Epub 2013 Apr 19.

Abstract

Nematode-trapping fungi live mainly as saprobes in soil environments. When encountering nematodes, these fungi become 'carnivorous' and develop specialized trapping devices to attack their hosts for extracting nutrients, especially nitrogen source. Thus, nematode-trapping fungi are model organisms for understanding the molecular mechanism of the switch between saprobic and parasitic phases of pathogen life cycles. Arthrobotrys oligospora, one of the best-studied nematode-trapping fungi, mainly lives as a saprobe. In the presence of nematodes, A.oligospora enters the parasitic stage by forming adhesive reticulate traps to capture nematodes. In filamentous fungi, autophagy has been shown to be involved in morphogenesis and morphology. In this study, we demonstrate that autophagy is induced by nematodes during the early stage of trap formation in A.oligospora. Disruption of atg8 gene not only abolishes the nematode-induced autophagy, but also suppresses trap formation and reduces pathogenicity for nematodes. During the early stage of trap formation, the expression of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis is upregulated and the transcriptional activity of GCN4 is induced in A.oligospora, suggesting that nematodes induce autophagy probably by triggering intracellular amino acid starvation. Autophagy is thus crucial for trap formation in A.oligospora during infection of nematodes.

摘要

线虫诱捕真菌主要作为土壤环境中的腐生菌而存在。当遇到线虫时,这些真菌会变得“肉食性”,并发展出专门的诱捕装置来攻击其宿主以提取营养物质,特别是氮源。因此,线虫诱捕真菌是理解病原体生命周期中腐生和寄生阶段之间转换的分子机制的模式生物。寡孢丝核菌是研究得最多的线虫诱捕真菌之一,主要作为腐生菌生活。在线虫存在的情况下,寡孢丝核菌通过形成粘性网状诱捕器来捕获线虫,进入寄生阶段。在丝状真菌中,自噬已被证明参与了形态发生和形态。在这项研究中,我们证明了在线虫诱捕器形成的早期阶段,自噬被线虫诱导。atg8 基因的破坏不仅消除了线虫诱导的自噬,还抑制了诱捕器的形成,并降低了对线虫的致病性。在线虫诱捕器形成的早期阶段,参与氨基酸生物合成的基因表达上调,并且 GCN4 的转录活性在寡孢丝核菌中被诱导,这表明线虫通过触发细胞内氨基酸饥饿来诱导自噬。因此,自噬对于线虫感染期间寡孢丝核菌诱捕器的形成至关重要。

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