Imasiku Eunice N S, Odimegwu Clifford O, Adedini Sunday A, Ononokpono Dorothy N
* Demography and Population Studies Programme, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
J Biosoc Sci. 2014 May;46(3):294-315. doi: 10.1017/S0021932013000357. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
Ethnicity has been found to be a significant indicator of social position, and many studies have also established that ethnicity is a significant determinant of contraceptive use. This study aims to examine whether ethnicity is an important predictor of unmet need for contraception. Analysis was based on data for 4343 ever-married women drawn from the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive analysis indicates that in all ethnic groups except the Barotse and Tonga, women aged 15-49 years were married at an average age below 18. The highest mean number of children among the ethnic groups was 6.7, among the Bemba; the lowest was 5.9, among the Barotse. The highest proportion of women with an unmet need for contraception resided in the Eastern region. Multivariate logistic analyses reveal that children ever-born and region of residence were the most important predictors of unmet need for spacing, whereas for unmet need for limiting predictors were age at first marriage and partner's desire for children. Moreover, unmet need for spacing and limiting among women with secondary or higher education was significantly lower (47% and 50%, respectively) compared with those with no education. Ethnicity was not a significant predictor of unmet need for contraception. The findings stress the need for programmes aimed at enhancing the socioeconomic status of women.
种族已被发现是社会地位的一个重要指标，许多研究还证实，种族是避孕措施使用情况的一个重要决定因素。本研究旨在探讨种族是否是未满足避孕需求的一个重要预测因素。分析基于从2007年赞比亚人口与健康调查中抽取的4343名已婚妇女的数据。描述性分析表明，除巴罗策族和汤加族外，所有族裔中15至49岁的女性平均结婚年龄均低于18岁。各族裔中平均子女数最高的是本巴族，为6.7个；最低的是巴罗策族，为5.9个。未满足避孕需求的女性比例最高的地区是东部地区。多变量逻辑分析显示，曾生育子女数和居住地区是未满足生育间隔需求的最重要预测因素，而对于未满足生育限制需求而言，预测因素是初婚年龄和伴侣对子女的意愿。此外，与未受过教育的女性相比，受过中等或高等教育的女性未满足生育间隔和生育限制需求的比例显著较低（分别为47%和50%）。种族不是未满足避孕需求的一个重要预测因素。研究结果强调了实施旨在提高女性社会经济地位的项目的必要性。
