El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Apr 24;18(1):546. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5439-0.
Worldwide, the importance of contraception to control fertility has been recognized. A useful indicator of the gap between reproductive preferences and the provision of contraception is "unmet need for contraception". The aims of this paper are to estimate the levels of unmet need for contraception among married and single women, and to explore factors associated with unmet need for contraception for spacing and limiting births in Mexico.
We used the Mexican National Survey of Demographic Dynamics 2014, using a sub-sample of 56,797 sexually active women aged 15-49 years who were either currently in union or who had never been in union to estimate the prevalence of unmet need for spacing and limiting births. We applied multivariable binary logistic regressions to examine the relationship between unmet need for spacing and limiting considering associated factors.
Unmet need for contraception was estimated at 11.5% among women in union (6.4% limiting; 5.1% spacing), and 28.9% for women never in union (8% limiting; 20.9% spacing). In the logistic regression for unmet need for spacing, the likelihood was statistically significant associated with younger women (OR = 6.8; CI = 2.95-15.48); women never in union (OR = 1.6; CI = 1.40-1.79); low levels of education (OR = 1.4; CI = 1.26-1.56); and residing in poor regions (OR = 1.9; CI = 1.52-2.49). Those with full access to public services were significantly less likely to have unmet need for spacing (OR = 0.8; CI = 0.66-0.88). In the logistic regression for unmet need for limiting, being younger (OR = 6.3; CI = 4.73-8.27), never in union and sexually active (OR = 3.0; CI = 2.47-3.54); with less schooling (OR 1.13; CI: 1.02-1.26); rural residence (OR = 1.2; CI = 1.07-1.32); and residing in poor regions (OR = 1.5; CI = 1.23-1.93) were factors positively associated with this unmet need. Women with private health services were the least likely to have unmet need for limiting (OR = 0.5; CI = 0.37-0.77).
Younger women currently in union and never in union had the highest unmet needs of contraception for spacing and limiting. The results from this study suggest that in Mexico family planning services must prioritize the contraception needs of all young women, both in union and not in union, with appropriate and suitable services to cover their needs.
在全球范围内，避孕对于控制生育的重要性已得到认可。衡量生育意愿与避孕服务提供之间差距的一个有用指标是“未满足的避孕需求”。本文的目的是估计已婚和单身女性的避孕未满足需求水平，并探讨与墨西哥生育间隔和生育限制的未满足避孕需求相关的因素。
我们使用了 2014 年墨西哥全国人口动态调查的一个子样本，该样本包括 56797 名 15-49 岁的有性行为的女性，她们目前处于婚姻状态或从未结婚，以估计生育间隔和生育限制的未满足避孕需求的流行率。我们应用多变量二元逻辑回归来研究生育间隔和限制的未满足避孕需求与相关因素之间的关系。
在婚姻中的女性中，避孕未满足需求估计为 11.5%（6.4%为限制；5.1%为间隔），从未结婚的女性中为 28.9%（8%为限制；20.9%为间隔）。在生育间隔的未满足避孕需求的逻辑回归中，年轻女性（OR=6.8；CI=2.95-15.48）、从未结婚的女性（OR=1.6；CI=1.40-1.79）、教育程度较低（OR=1.4；CI=1.26-1.56）和居住在贫困地区（OR=1.9；CI=1.52-2.49）的可能性具有统计学意义。那些完全可以获得公共服务的女性，生育间隔的未满足需求明显较低（OR=0.8；CI=0.66-0.88）。在生育限制的未满足避孕需求的逻辑回归中，年轻（OR=6.3；CI=4.73-8.27）、从未结婚且有性行为（OR=3.0；CI=2.47-3.54）、教育程度较低（OR=1.13；CI：1.02-1.26）、农村居住（OR=1.2；CI=1.07-1.32）和居住在贫困地区（OR=1.5；CI=1.23-1.93）是与这种未满足需求相关的积极因素。有私人医疗服务的女性生育限制的未满足需求最低（OR=0.5；CI=0.37-0.77）。
目前处于婚姻状态的年轻女性和从未结婚的年轻女性的生育间隔和生育限制的避孕未满足需求最高。本研究结果表明，在墨西哥，计划生育服务必须优先考虑所有年轻女性，包括已婚和未婚女性的避孕需求，并提供适当和合适的服务来满足她们的需求。
