Unit of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Psychopathology. 2013;46(5):330-6. doi: 10.1159/000353258. Epub 2013 Jul 17.
Karl Jaspers laid the foundations of contemporary psychopathology. Among Jaspers' contributions was his powerful vision of psychiatry as a crucial way to shed light on the human condition and existence by integrating the scientific study of psychic diseases with a theoretical approach focused on human experience. This perspective should be revitalized. In the present paper we start from the role Jaspers assigns to the body when discussing the notion of 'personalization'. We explore the relationship between a minimal notion of the self, the 'bodily self', and its potentiality for movement - the self's 'power for action'. Based on recent empirical evidence, we then propose a connection between the implicit bodily self-experience and important psychopathological aspects of schizophrenia by showing that schizophrenic patients exhibit a disruption of implicit bodily self-knowledge. We propose that the bodily nature of the implicitly experiencing self might enable the continuum of experience along which all visions of the world are located - both in healthy and psychotic individuals. The power for action might provide the possibility to give form to the bodily presence characterizing in the first place our being selves.
卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯奠定了当代精神病理学的基础。雅斯贝尔斯的贡献之一是，他将精神疾病的科学研究与关注人类经验的理论方法相结合，提出了精神病学是揭示人类状况和存在的关键途径的有力观点。这种观点应该得到复兴。在本文中，我们从雅斯贝尔斯在讨论“个性化”概念时赋予身体的角色出发。我们探讨了最小自我概念“身体自我”与其运动潜能——自我的“行动能力”之间的关系。基于最近的实证证据，我们通过展示精神分裂症患者表现出隐含的身体自我知识的中断，提出了隐含的身体自我体验与精神分裂症的重要病理方面之间的联系。我们提出，隐含体验自我的身体性质可能使所有世界图景都位于其中的经验连续体成为可能——无论是在健康个体还是精神病个体中。行动能力可能为首先构成我们存在自我的身体存在赋予形式提供了可能性。
