Lerwick Julie L
Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97282 , USA.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 2013 Aug;22(3):129-33. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.04.003.
The prevalence of childhood surgical illness and injury requiring hospitalization suggests the need for implementation of an applied intervention to decrease levels of anxiety in these patients. When psychological concerns are not addressed in the present moment, potential for long-term negative psychological effects occur. To respond to the psychosocial needs of pediatric surgical patients it is important to understand foundational stages of development. Age is not always directly correlated with developmental stage and attunement to this subtle differentiation is essential. Some medical facilities offer services to pediatric surgical patients that include education about upcoming procedures as well as medical play which offers the opportunity to express emotions correlated with the hospitalization experience. This approach is directive in nature and controls the process of making sense of the medical environment. An alternative is Child Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) which creates an outlet for any emotions the children choose to express. CCPT offers comprehensive mental health care through a developmentally-appropriate, undirected intervention carried out by a mental health therapist and has been shown to reduce perceived and actual psychological trauma, anxiety, and behavioral issues in children preparing for surgery.
需要住院治疗的儿童外科疾病和损伤的患病率表明，有必要实施一项应用干预措施，以降低这些患者的焦虑水平。如果当下不解决心理问题，就有可能产生长期的负面心理影响。为了满足小儿外科患者的心理社会需求，了解发育的基础阶段很重要。年龄并不总是与发育阶段直接相关，理解这种细微差异至关重要。一些医疗机构为小儿外科患者提供服务，包括对即将进行的手术进行教育以及开展医疗游戏，后者提供了表达与住院经历相关情绪的机会。这种方法本质上是指导性的，控制着理解医疗环境的过程。另一种选择是儿童中心游戏疗法（CCPT），它为孩子们选择表达的任何情绪创造了一个发泄途径。CCPT通过心理健康治疗师进行的适合发育阶段的、无指导的干预提供全面的心理健康护理，并已被证明可以减少准备手术的儿童的感知和实际心理创伤、焦虑及行为问题。
