Programa de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Sep 16;149(2):513-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.009. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
Several medicinal plants are traditionally traded in open-air markets in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) to treat tuberculosis (TB) and related symptoms.
Conduct a survey in the open-air markets of 20 cities of Rio de Janeiro State to find medicinal plants that are popularly used to treat tuberculosis and other related diseases and assess their in vitro antimycobacterial activity.
We used direct observation and semi-structured interviews and asked herbalists to list species (free listing) in order to gather data about the plant species most commonly used for lung problems. We calculated a Salience Index and acquired two species of "erva-de-passarinho" (mistletoe), Struthanthus marginatus and Struthanthus concinnus (Loranthaceae), commonly used to treat tuberculosis for a bioassay-guided isolation of the antimycobacterial active principles. Extracts, fractions and isolated compounds of both species were assayed in vitro against susceptible (H37Rv) and rifampicin-resistant (ATCC 35338) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.
From the interviews, we generated a list of 36 plant species belonging to 12 families. The mistletoes Struthanthus marginatus and Struthanthus concinnus showed high Salience Index values among plants used to treat tuberculosis. Bioassay-guided fractionation of hexane extracts from both species led to the isolation and/or identification of steroids and terpenoids. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts and isolated compounds ranged from 25 to 200 μg/mL. Some of the isolated compounds have been previously assayed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, others are reported here for the first time (obtusifoliol: MIC H37Rv 50 μg/mL, MIC ATCC 35338 12.5 μg/mL; 3-O-n-acil-lup-20(29)-en-3β,7β,15α-triol: MIC H37Rv 200 μg/mL, MIC ATCC 35338 100 μg/mL).
This study demonstrated the importance of ethnobotanical surveys in markets as a source for new drugs and also for scientific validation of folk medicine.
在巴西里约热内卢州的露天市场上，有几种药用植物被传统上用于治疗肺结核（TB）和相关症状。
在里约热内卢州的 20 个城市的露天市场进行调查，以寻找民间用于治疗肺结核和其他相关疾病的流行药用植物，并评估它们的体外抗分枝杆菌活性。
我们使用直接观察和半结构化访谈，并要求草药医生列出物种（自由列表），以收集有关最常用于肺部问题的植物物种的数据。我们计算了一个显着性指数，并获得了两种“erva-de-passarinho”（槲寄生），Struthanthus marginatus 和 Struthanthus concinnus（桑寄生科），常用于治疗肺结核，进行生物测定指导分离抗分枝杆菌活性成分。对两种物种的提取物、馏分和分离化合物进行体外抗敏感（H37Rv）和利福平耐药（ATCC 35338）结核分枝杆菌菌株的测定。
从访谈中，我们生成了一份 36 种植物物种的清单，属于 12 个科。槲寄生 Struthanthus marginatus 和 Struthanthus concinnus 在用于治疗肺结核的植物中显示出较高的显着性指数值。从两种物种的正己烷提取物进行生物测定指导分离，导致了类固醇和萜类化合物的分离和/或鉴定。提取物和分离化合物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）范围为 25 至 200 μg/mL。一些分离化合物以前已经针对结核分枝杆菌进行了检测，其他化合物则是首次报道（钝叶醇：MIC H37Rv 50 μg/mL，MIC ATCC 35338 12.5 μg/mL；3-O-n-酰基-lup-20（29）-en-3β，7β，15α-三醇：MIC H37Rv 200 μg/mL，MIC ATCC 35338 100 μg/mL）。
本研究证明了市场上的民族植物学调查作为新药来源的重要性，也证明了民间医学的科学验证的重要性。
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