aDepartment of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University bIndiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2014 Mar;23(2):96-109. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e3283647394.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Although some nutrients have been linked to the development of total prostate cancer, it remains unclear whether these nutrients modulate the risk of its clinically significant form - advanced tumor. Therefore, this study sought to perform a systematic review of the literature on this topic. The papers reviewed were identified from PubMed using keywords diet and advanced, metastatic, or lethal prostate cancer. A total of 46 papers published until September 2012 met our eligibility criteria and thus were evaluated in this review. Epidemiologic studies have shown that, overall, the habitual consumption of a diet high in saturated fat, well-done meats, and calcium is associated with an increased risk for advanced prostate cancer. An inconsistent association was observed for intake of total meat, fruits, and vegetables. Although most case-control studies suggest that intake of these nutrients or foods significantly alters advanced prostate cancer risk, cohort studies yielded mixed results. No apparent effect of fish and zinc intake on advanced prostate cancer was found in most epidemiologic studies. Epidemiologic studies conducted to date have revealed that some dietary factors modulate the risk for advanced prostate cancer. If these findings are confirmed by more adequately powered epidemiologic studies, especially prospective cohort studies that measure the nutrients and their biochemical indicators, the risk of advanced prostate cancer, which is fatal and thus clinically significant, may be reduced by dietary modification or chemoprevention.
前列腺癌是全世界男性中第二常见的癌症。虽然一些营养素与总前列腺癌的发展有关，但目前尚不清楚这些营养素是否会调节其具有临床意义的形式 - 晚期肿瘤的风险。因此，本研究旨在对该主题的文献进行系统评价。使用关键词饮食和高级、转移性或致命性前列腺癌，从 PubMed 中确定了审查的论文。截至 2012 年 9 月，共有 46 篇符合我们的入选标准的论文进行了评估。流行病学研究表明，总体而言，习惯性摄入高脂肪、熟透肉类和钙的饮食与晚期前列腺癌风险增加有关。对总肉类、水果和蔬菜的摄入量观察到不一致的关联。尽管大多数病例对照研究表明，这些营养素或食物的摄入量显著改变了晚期前列腺癌的风险，但队列研究得出的结果却各不相同。在大多数流行病学研究中，没有发现鱼类和锌摄入对晚期前列腺癌有明显影响。迄今为止进行的流行病学研究表明，一些饮食因素可调节晚期前列腺癌的风险。如果这些发现得到更有力的流行病学研究（尤其是前瞻性队列研究，可测量营养素及其生化指标）的证实，通过饮食改变或化学预防，可能会降低晚期前列腺癌（致命且具有临床意义）的风险。
