From the Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany. Dr. Mirastschijski is now with Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, University of Göttingen, Bremen Germany.
Ann Surg. 2014 Apr;259(4):781-92. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182917677.
The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical and immunogenic properties of spider silk meshes implanted as fascia replacement in a rat in vivo model.
Meshes for hernia repair require optimal characteristics with regard to strength, elasticity, and cytocompatibility. Spider silk as a biomaterial with outstanding mechanical properties is potentially suitable for this application.
Commercially available meshes used for hernia repair (Surgisis and Ultrapro) were compared with handwoven meshes manufactured from native dragline silk of Nephila spp. All meshes were tied onto the paravertebral fascia, whereas sham-operated rats were sutured without mesh implantation. After 4 or 14 days, 4 weeks, and 4 or 8 months, tissue samples were analyzed concerning inflammation and biointegration both by histological and biochemical methods and by biomechanical stability tests.
Histological sections revealed rapid cell migration into the spider silk meshes with increased numbers of giant cells compared with controls with initial decomposition of silk fibers after 4 weeks. Four months postoperatively, spider silk was completely degraded with the formation of a stable scar verified by constant tensile strength values. Surgisis elicited excessive stability loss from day 4 to day 14 (P < 0.001), with distinct inflammatory reaction demonstrated by lymphocyte and neutrophil invasion. Ultrapro also showed decreasing strength and poor elongation behavior, whereas spider silk samples had the highest relative elongation (P < 0.05).
Hand-manufactured spider silk meshes with good biocompatibility and beneficial mechanical properties seem superior to standard biological and synthetic meshes, implying an innovative alternative to currently used meshes for hernia repair.
本研究旨在探讨植入体内大鼠模型中的蜘蛛丝网作为筋膜替代物的生物力学和免疫原性特性。
疝修补用网片需要具有强度、弹性和细胞相容性等最佳特性。蜘蛛丝作为一种具有优异机械性能的生物材料，具有潜在的应用前景。
将市售的疝修补用网片（Surgisis 和 Ultrapro）与手工编织的天然 Nephila spp 拖丝网片进行比较。所有网片均系于椎旁筋膜上，假手术组大鼠仅缝合而不植入网片。术后 4 天或 14 天、4 周、4 或 8 个月时，通过组织学和生物化学方法以及生物力学稳定性测试，分析炎症和生物整合情况。
组织学切片显示，与对照组相比，蜘蛛丝网片中的细胞迅速迁移，巨细胞数量增加，术后 4 周时丝纤维开始分解。术后 4 个月时，蜘蛛丝完全降解，形成稳定的瘢痕，拉伸强度值保持不变。Surgisis 从第 4 天到第 14 天的稳定性损失明显（P < 0.001），淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润导致明显的炎症反应。Ultrapro 也表现出强度降低和伸长性能差的情况，而蜘蛛丝样本具有最高的相对伸长率（P < 0.05）。
手工制造的蜘蛛丝网片具有良好的生物相容性和有益的机械性能，似乎优于标准的生物和合成网片，为疝修补用网片提供了一种创新的替代方案。
