Agarwal Anupam, Bolisetty Subhashini
Division of Nephrology, THT 647, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2013;124:111-22.
Tissue injury may result as a consequence of a physical, chemical, or biological insult. Such injury recruits an adaptive response to restore homeostasis and protect against further injury. One of the most prompt protective and adaptive responses by all tissues is the robust activation of the highly inducible, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic protein, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1, a microsomal enzyme, catalyzes the breakdown of pro-oxidant heme, which is released from heme proteins to equimolar quantities of iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin. Biliverdin is converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. The beneficial effects of HO-1 expression are not merely due to heme degradation but are also attributed to the cytoprotective properties of the byproducts of the reaction. Manipulation of this enzymatic system in a myriad of disease models has provided substantial evidence to support its role as a cytoprotective enzyme and is therefore an emerging therapeutic molecule.
组织损伤可能是由物理、化学或生物损伤引起的。这种损伤会引发一种适应性反应，以恢复体内平衡并防止进一步损伤。所有组织最迅速的保护和适应性反应之一是高度可诱导的抗炎、抗氧化和抗凋亡蛋白血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）的强烈激活。HO-1是一种微粒体酶，催化促氧化剂血红素的分解，血红素从血红素蛋白中释放出来，生成等摩尔量的铁、一氧化碳和胆绿素。胆绿素由胆绿素还原酶转化为胆红素。HO-1表达的有益作用不仅归因于血红素降解，还归因于反应副产物的细胞保护特性。在众多疾病模型中对这个酶系统的调控提供了大量证据，支持其作为一种细胞保护酶的作用，因此它是一种新兴的治疗分子。
