Morris J Glenn, Grattan Lynn M, Mayer Brian M, Blackburn Jason K
Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610-0009, USA.
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2013;124:191-201.
On April 20, 2010, the BP Deepwater Horizon oil platform in the United States Gulf of Mexico exploded, killing 11 persons and resulting in a 5-month spill of more than 206 million gallons of oil, affecting more than 950 miles of shoreline. Our initial studies in Baldwin County, Alabama, and Franklin County, Florida, conducted while the oil spill was still in progress, showed high levels of clinically significant anxiety and depression in persons living in coastal communities. Income loss was the most significant driver of anxiety and depression, rather than direct influx or contact with oil. Ongoing studies of these groups and their communities have been conducted under the auspices of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Deepwater Horizon Research Consortium. A year after the spill, there was no significant change in levels of anxiety or depression in our cohort. Income loss continued to be associated with higher levels of psychopathology; findings were not associated with age, gender, education, or psychiatric history. Media exposure was associated with persistent hyperarousal. Findings support a model of chronic psychological disruption after the oil spill disaster. Community studies underscored the "corrosive" nature of this type of man-made disaster (as compared with natural disasters that have hit the region), with particular concerns expressed about the compensation process administered by British Petroleum and the parties that followed. Our research highlights the very real and long-lasting impact of such disasters on individuals and communities, extending well beyond the areas where there was direct exposure to oil.
2010年4月20日，美国墨西哥湾的英国石油公司深水地平线石油平台发生爆炸，造成11人死亡，并导致长达5个月的石油泄漏，泄漏量超过2.06亿加仑，影响了超过950英里的海岸线。我们在漏油事件仍在进行时，对阿拉巴马州鲍德温县和佛罗里达州富兰克林县进行的初步研究表明，沿海社区居民中临床上显著的焦虑和抑郁水平很高。收入损失是焦虑和抑郁的最重要驱动因素，而非石油的直接涌入或接触。在国家环境健康科学研究所（NIEHS）深水地平线研究联盟的支持下，对这些群体及其社区进行了持续研究。漏油事件发生一年后,我们队列中的焦虑或抑郁水平没有显著变化。收入损失仍然与较高的精神病理学水平相关；研究结果与年龄、性别、教育程度或精神病史无关。媒体曝光与持续的过度兴奋有关。研究结果支持了漏油灾难后慢性心理干扰的模型。社区研究强调了这类人为灾难（与该地区遭受的自然灾害相比）的“腐蚀性”，尤其对英国石油公司及后续各方管理的赔偿过程表示担忧。我们的研究突出了此类灾难对个人和社区非常真实且持久的影响，这种影响远远超出了直接接触石油的地区。
