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在海豹和狗之间跨越 4400 万年保守的 SNP 的交叉扩增和验证。

Cross-amplification and validation of SNPs conserved over 44 million years between seals and dogs.

机构信息

Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2013 Jul 16;8(7):e68365. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068365. Print 2013.

Abstract

High-density SNP arrays developed for humans and their companion species provide a rapid and convenient tool for generating SNP data in closely-related non-model organisms, but have not yet been widely applied to phylogenetically divergent taxa. Consequently, we used the CanineHD BeadChip to genotype 24 Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) individuals. Despite seals and dogs having diverged around 44 million years ago, 33,324 out of 173,662 loci (19.2%) could be genotyped, of which 173 were polymorphic and clearly interpretable. Two SNPs were validated using KASP genotyping assays, with the resulting genotypes being 100% concordant with those obtained from the high-density array. Two loci were also confirmed through in silico visualisation after mapping them to the fur seal transcriptome. Polymorphic SNPs were distributed broadly throughout the dog genome and did not differ significantly in proximity to genes from either monomorphic SNPs or those that failed to cross-amplify in seals. However, the nearest genes to polymorphic SNPs were significantly enriched for functional annotations relating to energy metabolism, suggesting a possible bias towards conserved regions of the genome.

摘要

高密度 SNP 芯片最初是为人类及其近缘物种开发的,为近缘非模式生物生成 SNP 数据提供了一种快速、便捷的工具,但尚未广泛应用于系统发育上差异较大的分类群。因此,我们使用了 CanineHD BeadChip 对 24 只南极软毛海豹(Arctocephalus gazella)个体进行基因分型。尽管海豹和狗在大约 4400 万年前就已经分化,但是 173662 个基因座中有 33324 个(19.2%)可以进行基因分型,其中 173 个是多态的,并且可以清楚地解释。用 KASP 基因分型检测法验证了两个 SNP,所得基因型与高密度芯片获得的基因型完全一致。将两个基因座映射到软毛海豹转录组后,通过计算机可视化确认了它们的存在。多态性 SNP 广泛分布于狗基因组中,与单态 SNP 或在海豹中未能扩增的 SNP 附近的基因没有显著差异。然而,多态性 SNP 最近的基因在与能量代谢相关的功能注释中显著富集,这表明存在基因组保守区域的可能偏向。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/187c/3712990/e87b8fe38076/pone.0068365.g001.jpg

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