Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Adv Parasitol. 2013;83:267-333. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407705-8.00004-5.
Parasitic nematodes of livestock have major economic impact worldwide. Despite the diseases caused by these nematodes, some advances towards the development of new therapeutic agents and attempts to develop effective vaccines against some of them, there has been limited progress in the development of practical diagnostic methods. The specific and sensitive diagnosis of parasitic nematode infections of livestock underpins effective disease control, which is now particularly important given the problems associated with anthelmintic resistance in parasite populations. Traditional diagnostic methods have major limitations, in terms of sensitivity and specificity. This chapter provides an account of the significance of parasitic nematodes (order Strongylida), reviews conventional diagnostic techniques that are presently used routinely and describes advances in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for the specific diagnosis of nematode infections. A particular emphasis is placed on the recent development of a robotic PCR-based platform for high-throughput diagnosis, and its significance and implications for epidemiological investigations and for use in control programmes.
家畜寄生线虫在全球范围内具有重大的经济影响。尽管这些线虫会引起疾病，但在开发新的治疗药物方面取得了一些进展，并试图针对其中一些开发有效的疫苗，但在开发实用诊断方法方面进展有限。对家畜寄生线虫感染的特异性和敏感性诊断是有效疾病控制的基础，鉴于寄生虫种群中驱虫剂耐药性相关的问题，这一点现在尤为重要。传统的诊断方法在灵敏度和特异性方面存在重大局限性。本章阐述了寄生线虫（Order Strongylida）的重要性，回顾了目前常规使用的常规诊断技术，并描述了基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）的方法在线虫感染的特异性诊断方面的进展。特别强调了最近开发的一种基于机器人的高通量诊断 PCR 平台，及其对流行病学调查以及在控制计划中的应用的意义和影响。
