Reaven P D, McPhillips J B, Barrett-Connor E L, Criqui M H
Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine 92093.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990 Aug;38(8):847-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1990.tb05698.x.
Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured in 1,019 men and 1,273 women, aged 50 to 89, who were classified according to whether they reported participation in regular strenuous exercise. In men and women, strenuous exercisers had significantly (P less than .01) higher age-adjusted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels than nonstrenuous exercisers, and male strenuous exercisers also had lower plasma triglyceride levels. Adjusting for differences in cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, or obesity did not alter these results. A subgroup of 498 consecutive men and 615 consecutive women that completed a more detailed exercise questionnaire were classified into categories of light, moderate, heavy, or no exercise. In men, age-adjusted HDL cholesterol levels were higher and triglyceride levels lower with higher exercise-intensity categories (P for trend less than .001). In the heavy exercise category, HDL cholesterol levels were 15% higher and plasma triglyceride levels were 41% lower than in the sedentary group. In women, HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher and triglyceride levels lower at the more moderate levels of exercise. In both genders results among exercise-intensity groups did not change after adjusting for age, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. In men, adjusting for obesity did not significantly alter the intergroup differences, whereas in women adjusting for body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio reduced differences in HDL cholesterol levels between exercising and sedentary participants to nonsignificance. We conclude that exercise levels attainable by older adults may significantly improve HDL cholesterol levels and could theoretically reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease.
对1019名年龄在50至89岁之间的男性和1273名女性进行了血浆脂质和脂蛋白水平的测量，这些人根据是否报告参加定期剧烈运动进行了分类。在男性和女性中，剧烈运动者的年龄调整高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇水平显著（P小于0.01）高于非剧烈运动者，男性剧烈运动者的血浆甘油三酯水平也较低。对吸烟、饮酒或肥胖差异进行调整后，这些结果并未改变。对498名连续男性和615名连续女性组成的亚组进行了更详细的运动问卷，将其分为轻度、中度、重度或无运动类别。在男性中，随着运动强度类别增加，年龄调整后的HDL胆固醇水平升高，甘油三酯水平降低（趋势P小于0.001）。在重度运动类别中，HDL胆固醇水平比久坐组高15%，血浆甘油三酯水平低41%。在女性中，在运动较为适度的水平上，HDL胆固醇水平显著更高，甘油三酯水平更低。在调整年龄、吸烟和饮酒因素后，两个性别的运动强度组之间的结果均未改变。在男性中，对肥胖进行调整并未显著改变组间差异，而在女性中，调整体重指数或腰臀比后，运动参与者与久坐参与者之间HDL胆固醇水平的差异不再显著。我们得出结论，老年人能够达到的运动水平可能会显著提高HDL胆固醇水平，并且理论上可以降低缺血性心脏病的风险。
