Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013 Sep;170(1):235-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.06.023. Epub 2013 Jul 20.
To identify women's care needs concerning cancer screening and to develop an instrument suitable for measuring them--the Gynaecological Cancer Screening Care Needs Scale (GCSCNS). We hypothesized that it is possible: (a) to explore care needs and to develop reliable subscales of them, (b) to rank these needs in order of importance, and (c) to detect determinants of these needs (age, social status, marital status, health locus of control) and these need scores.
A questionnaire was developed based on the relevant literature, interviews conducted with gynaecological patients, and a consultation with 18 experts. The questionnaire listed 58 items addressed to physicians which deal with information and support needs during gynaecological cancer screening. Subjects rated the importance of each item using a five-point scale (from 1=very important, to 5=not important). The questionnaire also asked for patients' demographic information and their locus of control. It was distributed to 1000 female patients in 10 gynaecological practices in 3 federal states of Germany as an exploratory multi-centric cross-sectional study. A total of 961 women completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patients' demographic variables. With a principal component analysis (PCA, Varimax rotation), three care needs subscales were generated which then led to the GCSCNS scales.
The dimensions of patients' care needs can be described on three subscales: "Need for Information" (GCSCNS-I), "Need for Respect and Empathy during the physical examination" (GCSCNS-RE), "Need for Caring and Availability of the doctor" (GCSCNS-CA). Internal consistencies varied between good and very good (Cronbach's alpha .80-.89). Data indicate that it is possible to rank the female care needs in order of importance and that they are dependent on age and social status, but not on marital status and locus of control regarding health and disease.
Because there is no comparable research available on this topic, we developed an instrument for measuring female care needs related to gynaecological cancer screening. The results give gynaecologists the opportunity to better fulfil their patients' wishes and needs and perhaps increase participation in gynaecological cancer screening.
确定女性在癌症筛查方面的护理需求，并开发一种适合测量这些需求的工具——妇科癌症筛查护理需求量表（GCSCNS）。我们假设以下几点是可能的：（a）探索护理需求，并开发可靠的子量表；（b）根据重要性对这些需求进行排序；（c）检测这些需求的决定因素（年龄、社会地位、婚姻状况、健康控制源）和这些需求评分。
根据相关文献、对妇科患者的访谈以及与 18 位专家的咨询，开发了一份问卷。问卷列出了 58 个针对医生的项目，涉及妇科癌症筛查期间的信息和支持需求。受试者使用 5 点量表（1=非常重要，5=不重要）对每个项目的重要性进行评分。问卷还询问了患者的人口统计学信息和他们的控制源。它作为一项探索性多中心横断面研究，分发给德国 3 个联邦州的 10 个妇科诊所的 1000 名女性患者。共有 961 名女性完成了问卷。使用描述性统计分析患者的人口统计学变量。通过主成分分析（PCA，Varimax 旋转），生成了三个护理需求子量表，随后得出 GCSCNS 量表。
患者护理需求的维度可以用三个子量表来描述：“信息需求”（GCSCNS-I）、“体检时的尊重和同理心需求”（GCSCNS-RE）、“医生的关怀和可用性需求”（GCSCNS-CA）。内部一致性在良好和非常好之间（Cronbach's alpha.80-.89）。数据表明，按照重要性对女性护理需求进行排序是可能的，并且它们取决于年龄和社会地位，但与婚姻状况和健康与疾病的控制源无关。
由于在这个主题上没有可比的研究，我们开发了一种用于测量与妇科癌症筛查相关的女性护理需求的工具。研究结果为妇科医生提供了更好地满足患者愿望和需求的机会，并可能增加妇科癌症筛查的参与度。
