Klein Anke M, Titulaer Geraldine, Simons Carlijn, Allart Esther, de Gier Erwin, Bögels Susan M, Becker Eni S, Rinck Mike
a Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
Cogn Emot. 2014;28(1):182-92. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2013.810144. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
This study investigated multiple cognitive biases in children simultaneously, to investigate whether spider-fearful children display an interpretation bias, a recall bias, and source monitoring errors, and whether these biases are specific for spider-related materials. Furthermore, the independent ability of these biases to predict spider fear was investigated. A total of 121 children filled out the Spider Anxiety and Disgust Screening for Children (SADS-C), and they performed an interpretation task, a memory task, and a Behavioural Assessment Test (BAT). As expected, a specific interpretation bias was found: Spider-fearful children showed more negative interpretations of ambiguous spider-related scenarios, but not of other scenarios. We also found specific source monitoring errors: Spider-fearful children made more fear-related source monitoring errors for the spider-related scenarios, but not for the other scenarios. Only limited support was found for a recall bias. Finally, interpretation bias, recall bias, and source monitoring errors predicted unique variance components of spider fear.
本研究同时调查了儿童中的多种认知偏差，以探究害怕蜘蛛的儿童是否表现出解释偏差、回忆偏差和源监测错误，以及这些偏差是否特定于与蜘蛛相关的材料。此外，还研究了这些偏差预测蜘蛛恐惧的独立能力。共有121名儿童填写了儿童蜘蛛焦虑与厌恶筛查量表（SADS-C），并完成了一项解释任务、一项记忆任务和一项行为评估测试（BAT）。正如预期的那样，发现了一种特定的解释偏差：害怕蜘蛛的儿童对模棱两可的与蜘蛛相关的情景表现出更多负面解释，但对其他情景则不然。我们还发现了特定的源监测错误：害怕蜘蛛的儿童在与蜘蛛相关的情景中出现了更多与恐惧相关的源监测错误，但在其他情景中则没有。对于回忆偏差，仅发现了有限的支持。最后，解释偏差、回忆偏差和源监测错误预测了蜘蛛恐惧的独特方差成分。
