Tulane University, 200 Broadway St., Suite 213, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2013 Apr-Jul;83(2 Pt 3):176-84. doi: 10.1111/ajop.12027.
Relatively little attention has been paid to emotional functioning of Black boys in contrast to the attention paid to externalizing problems, even though internalizing problems are strong predictors of later well-being. This study tests a multilevel risk model of emotional well-being assessing the relation of poverty, maternal functioning, and child cognitive competence to changes in Black boys' internalizing symptoms between kindergarten and the fifth grade. The study utilizes data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) to describe development of internalizing problems in a nationally representative sample of Black boys (N = 1603) over the period. Through Latent Growth Curve Analysis, trajectories were identified that showed some boys with stable levels of internalizing symptoms (high and low levels), and one trajectory showing increases in internalizing problems over time. The model testing confirms that differences in these trajectories can be explained by environmental risks, maternal distress, and boys' cognitive skills. Early cognitive skills proved to be especially valuable in reducing the risk of internalizing problems.
相比对外显问题的关注，人们对黑人男孩的情绪功能关注甚少，尽管内隐问题是后来幸福感的强有力预测因素。本研究通过多层次风险模型来评估贫困、母亲功能和儿童认知能力与黑人男孩在幼儿园到五年级期间内化症状变化之间的关系，以此检验黑人男孩的情绪健康。该研究利用来自儿童纵向研究-幼儿园队列（ECLS-K）的数据，在全国代表性的黑人男孩样本（N=1603）中描述了内化问题的发展过程。通过潜在增长曲线分析，确定了一些男孩具有稳定水平的内化症状（高水平和低水平），以及一个随着时间推移内化问题增加的轨迹。模型测试证实，这些轨迹的差异可以用环境风险、母亲痛苦和男孩的认知技能来解释。早期认知技能被证明在降低内化问题风险方面特别有价值。
