Sculley D V
Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia.
J Periodontal Res. 2014 Jun;49(3):277-81. doi: 10.1111/jre.12116. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
Periodontal disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis, is caused by the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host immune system. The ensuing oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade result in the destruction of gingival tissue, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. This article reviews the underlying mechanisms and host-bacteria interactions responsible for periodontal disease and evidence that nutritional supplementation with fish oil may provide a protective effect. Historical investigations of diet and disease have highlighted an inverse relationship between ingestion of fish oil, which is high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the incidence of typical inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and coronary heart disease. Ingestion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, results in their incorporation into membrane phospholipids, which can alter eicosanoid production after stimulation during the immune response. These eicosanoids promote a reduction in chronic inflammation, which has led to the proposal that fish oil is a possible modulator of inflammation and may reduce the severity of periodontal diseases. Tentative animal and human studies have provided an indication of this effect. Further human investigation is needed to establish the protective effects of fish oil in relation to periodontal disease.
牙周病，包括牙龈炎和牙周炎，是由病原菌与宿主免疫系统相互作用引起的。随之而来的氧化应激和炎症级联反应导致牙龈组织、牙槽骨和牙周韧带的破坏。本文综述了导致牙周病的潜在机制和宿主-细菌相互作用，以及鱼油营养补充可能具有保护作用的证据。对饮食与疾病的历史研究突出了富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的鱼油摄入与典型炎症性疾病（如关节炎和冠心病）发病率之间的负相关关系。摄入n-3多不饱和脂肪酸，如二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸，会使其掺入膜磷脂中，这在免疫反应受到刺激后可改变类花生酸的产生。这些类花生酸促进慢性炎症的减轻，这使得有人提出鱼油可能是炎症的调节剂，并且可能减轻牙周病的严重程度。初步的动物和人体研究已表明了这种作用。需要进一步的人体研究来确定鱼油对牙周病的保护作用。
