Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2013 Aug;25(4):463-9. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
The host-pathogen interaction is strikingly complex during HIV infection. While several immune effector mechanisms (i.e. cytotoxic T cells, neutralizing antibodies, NK cells, among others) can play a strong antiviral role in vivo, the virus is remarkably able to evade these responses. In addition, the virus preferentially infects and kills activated memory CD4+ T cells, thus exploiting the host antiviral immune response as a source of new cellular targets for infection. Recent advances in understanding (i) how HIV perturbs the host immune system, (ii) how the immune system fights HIV; and (iii) how HIV disease persists when virus replication is suppressed by antiretroviral drugs may hopefully lead to better prevention and treatment strategies for this deadly viral infection.
在 HIV 感染过程中，宿主-病原体相互作用非常复杂。虽然几种免疫效应机制（即细胞毒性 T 细胞、中和抗体、自然杀伤细胞等）在体内可以发挥强大的抗病毒作用，但病毒却能够显著逃避这些反应。此外，病毒优先感染和杀死活化的记忆 CD4+T 细胞，从而利用宿主抗病毒免疫反应作为新的细胞感染靶标。最近在理解（i）HIV 如何扰乱宿主免疫系统、（ii）免疫系统如何对抗 HIV 以及（iii）当病毒复制被抗逆转录病毒药物抑制时 HIV 疾病如何持续存在方面的进展，有望为这种致命病毒感染带来更好的预防和治疗策略。
