Department of Mental Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
Ind Health. 2013;51(5):472-81. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2013-0038. Epub 2013 Jul 26.
Recent epidemiologic research has shown that people with higher socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g., educational attainment) have better psychological health than those with lower SES. However, the psychosocial mechanisms of underlying this relationship remain unclear. To fill this gap, the current study examines the mediating effects of job demands and job resources in the relationship between educational attainment and psychological distress. The hypothesized model was tested using large data sets from two different studies: a cross-sectional study of 9,652 Japanese employees from 12 workplaces (Study 1), and a longitudinal study of 1,957 Japanese employees (Study 2). Structural equation modeling revealed that (1) educational attainment was positively related to psychological distress through job demands, (2) educational attainment was negatively related to psychological distress through job resources, and (3) educational attainment was not directly related to psychological distress. These results suggest that educational attainment has an indirect effect, rather than a direct one, on psychological distress among workers; educational attainment had both a positive and a negative relationship to psychological distress through job demands and job resources, respectively.
最近的流行病学研究表明，社会经济地位（SES）较高的人（例如，教育程度）比 SES 较低的人有更好的心理健康。然而，这种关系背后的心理社会机制尚不清楚。为了填补这一空白，本研究检验了教育程度与心理困扰之间关系中的工作要求和工作资源的中介作用。使用来自两个不同研究的大型数据集检验了假设模型：来自 12 个工作场所的 9652 名日本员工的横断面研究（研究 1）和 1957 名日本员工的纵向研究（研究 2）。结构方程模型显示：（1）教育程度通过工作要求与心理困扰呈正相关；（2）教育程度通过工作资源与心理困扰呈负相关；（3）教育程度与心理困扰之间没有直接关系。这些结果表明，教育程度对工人的心理困扰有间接影响，而不是直接影响；教育程度通过工作要求和工作资源分别对心理困扰产生了积极和消极的关系。
