Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Oct;91(10):4849-60. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5627. Epub 2013 Jul 26.
Effects of S from wet or dry distillers grains with solubles (DGS) containing 0.82 or 1.16% S on animal growth performance, carcass characteristics, apparent total tract digestibility, and ruminal parameters were evaluated. In Exp. 1, crossbred beef steers (n = 120; 345 ± 34 kg BW) were individually fed ad libitum using Calan gates. Treatments were applied as a 2 × 2 × 3 + 1 factorial treatment arrangement with factors of DGS type (wet or dry), S content in DGS (0.82 or 1.16% DM basis), and DGS inclusion (20, 30, and 40%, DM basis), as well as a corn control diet (no DGS). In Exp. 2, ruminally cannulated crossbred beef steers (n = 6; 381 ± 31 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 5 diets in a 5 × 6 unbalanced Latin Square design and fed ad libitum through five 14-d periods. A 2 × 2 + 1 factorial treatment arrangement was used with the factors of DGS type and S content in DGS (similar to Exp. 1). Inclusion of DGS was 40%, except for a MATCH diet containing wet 1.16% S DGS included at 31.4% (DM basis). Intake of DM decreased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.01) for steers fed wet and dry DGS that was 1.16% S, respectively. In addition, steers fed dry DGS consumed 9% more DM (P < 0.01) than those fed wet. Gain decreased linearly (P = 0.02) when wet 1.16% S DGS increased in the diet, representing a 12% drop in ADG between the Control and 40% DGS inclusion. A quadratic (P = 0.02) improvement in G:F was observed for steers fed wet DGS compared with dry, regardless of S content (P = 0.52). Feeding diets with wet 1.16% S DGS linearly decreased (P = 0.03) HCW. In Exp. 2, molar proportion of propionate declined (P = 0.01) 9% and A:P ratio tended (P = 0.13) to be greater when 1.16 compared with 0.82% S DGS was fed. Apparent total tract DMD was not affected (P > 0.16) and only subtle changes (P < 0.01) in ruminal pH parameters were observed. Greater (P = 0.02) ruminal H2S concentration for steers fed wet compared with dry DGS was observed, while 1.16% S DGS tended (P = 0.12) to produce greater ruminal H2S than 0.82% S. Sulfur in wet DGS appears to be more prone to be converted to ruminal H2S, because feeding 1.16% S as wet DGS had a greater impact on ADG, DMI, and ruminal H2S compared with dry DGS.
研究了含有 0.82%或 1.16%硫的湿或干酒糟及其可溶物（DGS）对动物生长性能、胴体特性、表观全肠道消化率和瘤胃参数的影响。在实验 1 中，采用 Calan 门对 120 头杂交肉牛（体重 345 ± 34 kg）进行自由采食。处理采用 2×2×3+1 因子处理设计，因子为 DGS 类型（湿或干）、DGS 中的硫含量（DM 基础的 0.82 或 1.16%）和 DGS 含量（20、30 和 40%，DM 基础）以及玉米对照饮食（不含 DGS）。在实验 2 中，将 6 头装有瘤胃瘘管的杂交肉牛（体重 381 ± 31 kg）分配到 5×6 不平衡拉丁方设计的 5 种饮食中的 1 种，并通过 5 个 14 天期自由采食。采用 2×2+1 因子处理设计，因子为 DGS 类型和 DGS 中的硫含量（与实验 1 相似）。DGS 的添加量为 40%，但含有湿 1.16% S DGS 的 MATCH 饮食的添加量为 31.4%（DM 基础）。湿和干 1.16% S DGS 喂养的牛的 DM 摄入量分别呈线性（P < 0.01）和二次（P < 0.01）下降。此外，与湿的相比，干的 DGS 消耗的 DM 多 9%（P < 0.01）。当饮食中湿的 1.16% S DGS 增加时，ADG 呈线性（P = 0.02）下降，在对照和 40% DGS 摄入之间，ADG 下降了 12%。与干的相比，湿的 DGS 喂养的牛的 G:F 呈二次（P = 0.02）改善，无论硫含量如何（P = 0.52）。与干的相比，湿的 1.16% S DGS 线性（P = 0.03）降低了 HCW。在实验 2 中，丙酸摩尔比例下降（P = 0.01）9%，当 1.16% S DGS 与 0.82% S DGS 相比时，A:P 比倾向（P = 0.13）增加。表观全肠道 DM 消化率不受影响（P > 0.16），仅观察到瘤胃 pH 参数的细微变化（P < 0.01）。与干的 DGS 相比，湿的 DGS 喂养的牛的瘤胃 H2S 浓度更高（P = 0.02），而 1.16% S DGS 倾向于（P = 0.12）比 0.82% S 产生更高的瘤胃 H2S。湿的 DGS 中的硫似乎更容易转化为瘤胃 H2S，因为湿的 1.16% S 作为 DGS 喂养比干的 DGS 对 ADG、DMI 和瘤胃 H2S 产生更大的影响。
