Carter Jocelyn Smith, Smith Sydney, Bostick Sarah, Grant Kathryn E
Department of Psychology, DePaul University, 2219 N. Kenmore Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60613, USA,
J Youth Adolesc. 2014 Apr;43(4):554-67. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9985-6. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
Youth are faced with many stressful interpersonal, contextual, and identify development related challenges that contribute to the increased risk of negative outcomes during adolescence. The current study examined two important factors related to youth's development and well-being: parent-child attachment and negative body image. Specifically, the current study examined body image as one mechanism responsible for the effect that mother and father attachment has on internalizing symptoms in a sample of low-income, ethnic minority youth. Additionally, differences across gender and ethnic/racial groups were examined. Participants included 140 (71 % female) ages 10-16 at baseline recruited from urban public schools in Chicago with high percentages of low-income students. The current sample was ethnically diverse (41 % African American, 30 % Latino, 16 % European American, 6 % Biracial, 6 % Asian, and 1 % other). Participants completed measures of their relationships with their mothers and fathers, negative body image, and internalizing symptoms across two periods of time separated by approximately 1 year. Results showed that body image mediated the relation between both mother and father attachment and internalizing symptoms. These results were further moderated by race/ethnicity, but not by sex. For African American participants, mother attachment was related to internalizing symptoms through negative body image while for Latinos, paternal attachment was related to internalizing symptoms through negative body image. Although maternal attachment had direct effects on internalizing symptoms for Latinos, negative body image did not mediate this relationship. These results support an integrative model in which interpersonal risk lays the foundation for the development of cognitive risk, which in turn leads to internalizing symptoms for urban youth.
青少年面临着许多与人际、环境和身份认同发展相关的压力挑战，这些挑战导致他们在青春期出现负面结果的风险增加。本研究考察了与青少年发展和幸福相关的两个重要因素：亲子依恋和负面身体意象。具体而言，本研究将身体意象视为低收入少数族裔青少年样本中，父母依恋对内化症状产生影响的一种机制。此外，还考察了性别和种族/民族群体之间的差异。参与者包括140名（71%为女性）基线年龄在10至16岁的青少年，他们从芝加哥的城市公立学校招募而来，这些学校低收入学生的比例很高。当前样本种族多样（41%非裔美国人、30%拉丁裔、16%欧洲裔美国人、6%混血、6%亚裔和1%其他）。参与者在相隔约1年的两个时间段内完成了关于他们与父母的关系、负面身体意象和内化症状的测量。结果表明，身体意象介导了父母依恋与内化症状之间的关系。这些结果进一步受到种族/民族的调节，但不受性别的调节。对于非裔美国参与者，母亲依恋通过负面身体意象与内化症状相关，而对于拉丁裔，父亲依恋通过负面身体意象与内化症状相关。虽然母亲依恋对拉丁裔的内化症状有直接影响，但负面身体意象并未介导这种关系。这些结果支持了一个综合模型，即人际风险为认知风险的发展奠定基础，而认知风险反过来又导致城市青少年出现内化症状。
