Research Center of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Sep 3;47(17):9584-95. doi: 10.1021/es402212v. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has caused serious contamination in the environment. The release of Pu isotopes renewed considerable public concern because they present a large risk for internal radiation exposure. In this Critical Review, we summarize and analyze published studies related to the release of Pu from the FDNPP accident based on environmental sample analyses and the ORIGEN model simulations. Our analysis emphasizes the environmental distribution of released Pu isotopes, information on Pu isotopic composition for source identification of Pu releases in the FDNPP-damaged reactors or spent fuel pools, and estimation of the amounts of Pu isotopes released from the FDNPP accident. Our analysis indicates that a trace amount of Pu isotopes (∼2 × 10(-5)% of core inventory) was released into the environment from the damaged reactors but not from the spent fuel pools located in the reactor buildings. Regarding the possible Pu contamination in the marine environment, limited studies suggest that no extra Pu input from the FDNPP accident could be detected in the western North Pacific 30 km off the Fukushima coast. Finally, we identified knowledge gaps remained on the release of Pu into the environment and recommended issues for future studies.
福岛第一核电站（FDNPP）事故导致环境受到严重污染。钚同位素的释放引起了公众的极大关注，因为它们对内照射暴露有很大的风险。在这篇评论中，我们根据环境样本分析和 ORIGEN 模型模拟，总结和分析了与 FDNPP 事故中 Pu 释放有关的已发表研究。我们的分析强调了释放的 Pu 同位素在环境中的分布，有关 Pu 同位素组成的信息，用于确定 FDNPP 损坏的反应堆或乏燃料池中的 Pu 释放源，以及从 FDNPP 事故中释放的 Pu 同位素的估计。我们的分析表明，从受损反应堆中释放到环境中的 Pu 同位素痕量（约占堆芯库存的 2×10(-5)），但从位于反应堆建筑物中的乏燃料池未释放出 Pu 同位素。关于海洋环境中可能存在的 Pu 污染，有限的研究表明，在距福岛海岸 30 公里的西北太平洋，无法检测到来自 FDNPP 事故的额外 Pu 输入。最后，我们确定了在 Pu 释放到环境中仍存在知识空白，并为未来的研究推荐了一些问题。
