Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, 1775 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,
Curr Diab Rep. 2013 Oct;13(5):608-15. doi: 10.1007/s11892-013-0405-9.
Autoantibodies are currently the most robust biomarkers of type 1 diabetes and are frequently used to establish entry criteria for the participation of genetically at-risk individuals in secondary prevention/intervention clinical trials. Since their original description almost 40 years ago, considerable efforts have been devoted toward identifying the precise molecular targets that are recognized. Such information can have significant benefit for developing improved metrics for identifying/stratifying of at-risk subjects, developing potential therapeutic targets, and advancing understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Currently, four major molecular targets ([pro]insulin, GAD65, IA-2, and ZnT8) have been confirmed, with approximately 94% of all subjects with a clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes expressing autoantibodies to at least one of these molecules at clinical onset. In this review, we summarize some of the salient properties of these targets that might contribute to their autoantigenicity and methods that have been used in attempts to identify new components of the humoral autoresponse.
自身抗体目前是 1 型糖尿病最具稳健性的生物标志物，常用于确定遗传易感个体参与二级预防/干预临床试验的入选标准。自近 40 年前首次描述以来，人们已经投入了大量精力来确定被识别的精确分子靶标。这些信息对于开发改进的指标来识别/分层易感受试者、开发潜在的治疗靶点以及深入了解疾病的病理生理学具有重要意义。目前，已经确认了四个主要的分子靶标（[前]胰岛素、GAD65、IA-2 和 ZnT8），大约 94%的临床诊断为 1 型糖尿病的患者在临床发病时至少对这些分子中的一种产生自身抗体。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些靶标可能有助于其自身抗原性的一些显著特性，以及用于尝试识别体液自身反应新成分的方法。
