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[通过兽医手术汇编农场动物抗生素使用情况]

[Compilation of antibiotic use in farm animals via veterinary surgeries].

作者信息

Merle Roswitha, Hegger-Gravenhorst Christine, Robanus Matthias, Hajek Peter, Honscha Walther, Käsbohrer Annemarie, Kreienbrock Lothar

机构信息

Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.

出版信息

Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2013 Jul-Aug;126(7-8):310-7.

Abstract

A feasibility study with 20 voluntarily participating veterinary surgeries was carried out in order to test, if the consumption of antibiotics in livestock can be determined systematically. Information about the statutory documents on the application of drugs of the participating surgeries were entered in a central database and analysed systematically. Surgeries that treat only livestock used significantly more antibiotics (number of treatment units per veterinarian) per veterinarian than surgeries that treat also small animals. The comparison of small and large surgeries showed that veterinarians in small surgeries treated fewer pigs and more cattle than their colleagues in large surgeries (number of treatment units per veterinarian). All in all, tetracyclines counted for more than 50% of all substances used (regarding the amount), followed by beta-lactams (25%) and sulfonamides incl. trimethoprim (11%). In poultry, polypeptides and beta-lactams were used most frequently. While cephalosporines were used only in cattle in a noteworthy frequency, fluoroquinolones were applied to poultry in almost 12% of all applications (application of one substance to one animal at one day). In total, it was shown, that harmonized documentation of consumption of antibiotics is feasible, but the relation of antibiotics to the treated population is problematic which has to be considered in the future.The number of applications is more suitable to assess the antibiotic use than the amount in kg, because the latter is dependent of the dosage. The impact of highly dosed substances like e.g. tetracyclines is overestimated by regarding the amount, while substances with low dosages are underestimated.

摘要

为了测试是否能够系统地确定家畜抗生素的消耗量,对20家自愿参与的兽医诊所进行了一项可行性研究。将参与诊所关于药物应用的法定文件信息录入一个中央数据库并进行系统分析。仅治疗家畜的诊所每位兽医使用的抗生素(每位兽医的治疗单元数量)明显多于也治疗小动物的诊所。小型诊所和大型诊所的比较表明,小型诊所的兽医治疗的猪比大型诊所的同行少,治疗的牛比大型诊所的同行多(每位兽医的治疗单元数量)。总体而言,四环素占所有使用物质总量的50%以上,其次是β-内酰胺类(25%)和磺胺类药物(包括甲氧苄啶,11%)。在家禽中,多肽类和β-内酰胺类使用最为频繁。虽然头孢菌素仅在牛身上有显著的使用频率,但氟喹诺酮类在所有应用中几乎有12%用于家禽(一天内一种物质用于一只动物的应用)。总体而言,结果表明,抗生素消耗量的统一记录是可行的,但抗生素与治疗群体的关系存在问题,这在未来必须加以考虑。应用次数比千克用量更适合评估抗生素的使用情况,因为后者取决于剂量。通过考虑用量,高剂量物质(如四环素)的影响被高估,而低剂量物质则被低估。

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