Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , Nijmegen, The Netherlands .
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2014 Apr;20(2):173-88. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2013.0221. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
Mimicking the nanostructure of bone and understanding the interactions between the nanoscale inorganic and organic components of the extracellular bone matrix are crucial for the design of biomaterials with structural properties and a functionality similar to the natural bone tissue. Generally, these interactions involve anionic and/or cationic functional groups as present in the organic matrix, which exhibit a strong affinity for either calcium or phosphate ions from the mineral phase of bone. This study reviews the interactions between the mineral and organic extracellular matrix components in bone tissue as a source of inspiration for the design of novel nanocomposites. After providing a brief description of the various structural levels of bone and its main constituents, a concise overview is presented on the process of bone mineralization as well as the interactions between calcium phosphate (CaP) nanocrystals and the organic matrix of bone tissue. Bioinspired synthetic approaches for obtaining nanocomposites are subsequently addressed, with specific focus on chemical groups that have affinity for CaPs or are involved in stimulating and controlling mineral formation, that is, anionic functional groups, including carboxyl, phosphate, sulfate, hydroxyl, and catechol groups.
模拟骨的纳米结构并理解细胞外骨基质中纳米级无机和有机成分之间的相互作用对于设计具有类似于天然骨组织的结构性能和功能的生物材料至关重要。通常，这些相互作用涉及有机基质中存在的阴离子和/或阳离子官能团，这些官能团对骨矿物质相中钙或磷酸盐离子表现出很强的亲和力。本研究综述了骨组织中矿物质和细胞外有机基质成分之间的相互作用，为新型纳米复合材料的设计提供了灵感。在简要描述了骨的各种结构层次及其主要成分之后，本文对骨矿化过程以及钙磷（CaP）纳米晶体与骨组织有机基质之间的相互作用进行了简要概述。随后介绍了获得纳米复合材料的仿生合成方法，特别关注对 CaP 具有亲和力或参与刺激和控制矿物形成的化学基团，即阴离子官能团，包括羧基、磷酸根、硫酸根、羟基和儿茶酚基团。
