Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145 India.
J Food Sci Technol. 2012 Aug;49(4):482-8. doi: 10.1007/s13197-011-0301-8. Epub 2011 Feb 6.
Present investigation was undertaken with the overall objective of optimizing the enzymatic parameters i.e. moisture content during hydrolysis, enzyme concentration, enzyme ratio and incubation period on wild apricot kernel processing for better oil extractability and increased oil recovery. Response surface methodology was adopted in the experimental design. A central composite rotatable design of four variables at five levels was chosen. The parameters and their range for the experiments were moisture content during hydrolysis (20-32%, w.b.), enzyme concentration (12-16% v/w of sample), combination of pectolytic and cellulolytic enzyme i.e. enzyme ratio (30:70-70:30) and incubation period (12-16 h). Aspergillus foetidus and Trichoderma viride was used for production of crude enzyme i.e. pectolytic and cellulolytic enzyme respectively. A complete second order model for increased oil recovery as the function of enzymatic parameters fitted the data well. The best fit model for oil recovery was also developed. The effect of various parameters on increased oil recovery was determined at linear, quadric and interaction level. The increased oil recovery ranged from 0.14 to 2.53%. The corresponding conditions for maximum oil recovery were 23% (w.b.), 15 v/w of the sample, 60:40 (pectolytic:cellulolytic), 13 h. Results of the study indicated that incubation period during enzymatic hydrolysis is the most important factor affecting oil yield followed by enzyme ratio, moisture content and enzyme concentration in the decreasing order. Enzyme ratio, incubation period and moisture content had insignificant effect on oil recovery. Second order model for increased oil recovery as a function of enzymatic hydrolysis parameters predicted the data adequately.
本研究的总体目标是优化酶学参数，即在水解过程中的水分含量、酶浓度、酶比例和孵育时间，以提高野生巴旦杏仁的油提取率和增加油回收量。实验设计采用响应面法。选择了四个变量在五个水平的中心复合旋转设计。实验的参数及其范围为：水解过程中的水分含量（20-32%，w.b.）、酶浓度（样品的 12-16% v/w）、果胶酶和纤维素酶的组合，即酶比例（30:70-70:30）和孵育时间（12-16 小时）。使用 Aspergillus foetidus 和 Trichoderma viride 分别生产粗酶，即果胶酶和纤维素酶。增加油回收的二次完整模型很好地拟合了数据。还开发了最佳拟合的油回收模型。在线性、二次和交互水平上确定了各种参数对增加油回收的影响。油回收增加幅度为 0.14 至 2.53%。最大油回收的相应条件为 23%（w.b.）、样品的 15 v/w、60:40（果胶酶：纤维素酶）、13 小时。研究结果表明，酶解过程中的孵育时间是影响产油率的最重要因素，其次是酶比例、水分含量和酶浓度，依次递减。酶比例、孵育时间和水分含量对油回收影响不大。增加油回收的二次模型很好地预测了酶水解参数的数据。
