The electrochemical applications of quantum dots.

As newly developed inorganic materials, semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), or quantum dots (QDs), have received considerable attention because of their unique nano-related properties including high quantum yield, simultaneous excitation with multiple fluorescence colors, and electrochemical properties. This review presents a general description of the electrochemical properties of QDs with their electrochemical applications including indirect and direct effects. The fields of inorganic substance analysis, organic analysis, immunoanalysis, DNA analysis and aptamer analysis are discussed in detail.