CADIS-EHESS, 190-198 Avenue de France, 75013 Paris, France.
Soc Sci Med. 2013 Sep;93:95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.03.044. Epub 2013 Jun 15.
In a European context marked by heterogeneous Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) practices, this article will elucidate and compare the norm elaboration processes pertaining to ART in France and Romania. Using an experimental five-phase model encompassing experimentation, excesses, social mobilization, legislation and contestation, I will examine the processes linking micro (everyday medical practices), meso (institutional regulation) and macro (legislation) levels of ART bioethics in the two countries since the 1980s. ART has developed in France and Romania on different time frames, and Romania's management of ART is decisively influenced by Ceauşescu's pro-natalist policy. However, I will show how the two countries share similar trajectories along the proposed model's first three phases of norm elaboration, and, in recent years, how both have witnessed the emergence of social actors' claims for a more liberal and state-sponsored access to ART, requiring a redefinition of bioethics in line with reproductive social justice at national levels. This is fed by contemporary medical practices and social values, and an increasing transnational interconnectedness between social actors.
在欧洲，辅助生殖技术（ART）的实践存在着明显的差异，本文将阐明和比较法国和罗马尼亚的 ART 规范制定过程。使用一个包含实验、过度、社会动员、立法和争议的五阶段实验模型，我将研究自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，将微观（日常医疗实践）、中观（制度监管）和宏观（立法）ART 生物伦理层面联系起来的过程。ART 在法国和罗马尼亚的发展时间不同，罗马尼亚对 ART 的管理受到齐奥塞斯库的亲生育政策的决定性影响。然而，我将展示两国如何沿着规范制定模型的前三个阶段，沿着相似的轨迹发展，近年来，两国如何见证社会行为者对更自由和国家资助的 ART 获得的要求，需要根据生殖社会正义在国家层面重新定义生物伦理学。这是由当代医疗实践和社会价值观以及社会行为者之间日益增强的跨国相互联系所推动的。
