KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
Water Res. 2013 Oct 1;47(15):5876-88. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.008. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in source waters is increasing. Although UV advanced oxidation is known to be an effective barrier against micropollutants, degradation rates are only available for limited amounts of pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the degradation of a large group of pharmaceuticals has been studied in this research for the UV/H2O2 process under different conditions, including pharmaceuticals of which the degradation by UV/H2O2 was never reported before (e.g., metformin, paroxetine, pindolol, sotalol, venlafaxine, etc.). Monochromatic low pressure (LP) and polychromatic medium pressure (MP) lamps were used for three different water matrices. In order to have well defined hydraulic conditions, all experiments were conducted in a collimated beam apparatus. Degradation rates for the pharmaceuticals were determined. For those compounds used in this research that are also reported in literature, measured degradation results are in good agreement with literature data. Pharmaceutical degradation for only photolysis with LP lamps is small, which is increased by using a MP lamp. Most of the pharmaceuticals are well removed when applying both UV (either LP or MP) and H2O2. However, differences in degradation rates between pharmaceuticals can be large. For example, ketoprofen, prednisolone, pindolol are very well removed by UV/H2O2, whereas metformin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide are very little removed by UV/H2O2.
水源中药物的出现频率正在增加。虽然紫外线高级氧化法已被证实是一种有效抵御微污染物的方法，但目前只有有限数量的药物的降解率是已知的。因此，本研究在不同条件下研究了紫外线/H2O2 工艺中一大类药物的降解情况，包括以前从未报道过（例如二甲双胍、帕罗西汀、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、文拉法辛等）的药物。单色低压（LP）和多色中压（MP）灯被用于三种不同的水基质。为了获得明确定义的水力条件，所有实验均在准直光束装置中进行。确定了药物的降解速率。对于本研究中使用的、文献中也有报道的化合物，测量的降解结果与文献数据吻合良好。仅使用 LP 灯进行光解时，药物的降解率很小，而使用 MP 灯则会增加。当同时使用紫外线（无论是 LP 还是 MP）和 H2O2 时，大多数药物都能被很好地去除。然而，药物之间的降解速率差异可能很大。例如，酮洛芬、泼尼松龙、普萘洛尔经紫外线/H2O2 处理后可被很好地去除，而二甲双胍、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺经紫外线/H2O2 处理后则很少被去除。
