1University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Dec;39(12):1559-70. doi: 10.1177/0146167213497983. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
The mere thought effect is defined in part by the tendency of self-reflective thought to heighten the generation of and reflection on attitude-consistent thoughts. By focusing on individuals' fears of invalidity, we explored the possibility that the mere opportunity for thought sometimes motivates reflection on attitude-inconsistent thoughts. Across three experiments, dispositional and situational fear of invalidity was shown to heighten reflection on attitude-inconsistent thoughts. This heightened reflection, in turn, interacted with individuals' thought confidence to determine whether attitude-inconsistent thoughts were assimilated or refuted and consequently whether individuals' attitudes and behavioral intentions depolarized or polarized following a sufficient opportunity for thought, respectively. These findings emphasize the impact of motivational influences on thought reflection and generation, the importance of thought confidence in the assimilation and refutation of self-generated thought, and the dynamic means by which the mere thought bias can impact self-persuasion.
单纯思维效应部分由自我反思思维增强态度一致思维的产生和反思所定义。通过关注个体对无效性的恐惧，我们探讨了单纯思维机会有时是否会激发对态度不一致思维的反思的可能性。在三个实验中，情境性和习惯性的无效性恐惧会增强对态度不一致思维的反思。这种增强的反思反过来又与个体的思维信心相互作用，从而决定态度不一致思维是被同化还是被反驳，进而在有足够的思维机会后，个体的态度和行为意向是极化还是去极化。这些发现强调了动机影响对思维反思和产生的影响，思维信心在自我产生思维的同化和反驳中的重要性，以及单纯思维偏差影响自我说服的动态方式。
