Effect of infusion rate on intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats.

The reinforcing effects of addictive drugs are thought to be more robust when the onset of the drug's effects is fast. It is unclear whether this concept extends to intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of nicotine. We therefore sought to examine the effects of infusion duration on nicotine IVSA in rats. Male Lister hooded rats (n=8) were given daily 1 h limited access to fixed ratio-3 nicotine IVSA (0.03 mg/kg/infusion). Once nicotine IVSA was established, the effect of infusion duration on nicotine seeking was evaluated at a constant unit dose and volume (0.5, 5.0, and 19.6 s compared with the 1-s training infusion duration). Active responses were significantly reduced when the infusion duration was increased (i.e. 5 or 19.6 s compared with 0.5 and 1 s), and the effect was qualitatively similar to saline substitution. The likelihood of maintaining a reliable IVSA in rats was reduced by increasing the infusion duration. The infusion duration therefore represents an important determinant of nicotine reinforcement in rats.