Department of Horticulture, 1111 Plant Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
J Sci Food Agric. 2014 Mar 15;94(4):727-35. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6329. Epub 2013 Sep 2.
To increase rice production in Africa, considerable research has focused on creating interspecific hybrids between African (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian (O. sativa L.) rice in an attempt to obtain the positive attributes of each in new cultivars. Since flavor is a key criterion in consumer acceptance of rice, as an initial inquiry we characterized and compared the aroma chemistry of selected cultivars of African O. sativa ssp. japonica, O. sativa ssp. indica, O. glaberrima, and their interspecific hybrids grown in West Africa, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-olfactometry and descriptive sensory analysis.
Of 41 volatiles identified across seven representative rice cultivars grown in West Africa, 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, styrene, eucalyptol, linalool, myrtenal and L-α-terpineol had not been previously reported in rice. Thirty-three odor-active compounds were characterized. 4-Ethylphenol and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal were unique to O. glaberrima, and pyridine, eucalyptol and myrtenal were described only in an interspecific hybrid. Descriptive sensory analysis indicated 'cooked grain', 'barny' and 'earthy' attributes were statistically different among the cultivars.
The aroma chemistry data suggest that it should be possible to separate African cultivars into distinct flavor types thereby facilitating selection of new cultivars with superior flavor in African rice breeding programs.
为了增加非洲的稻米产量，研究人员集中精力在非洲稻（Oryza glaberrima Steud.）和亚洲稻（O. sativa L.）之间创造种间杂种，试图在新的品种中获得每种作物的积极特性。由于风味是消费者接受稻米的关键标准，因此作为初步调查，我们使用气相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-嗅闻法和描述性感官分析，对在西非种植的选定非洲稻 O. sativa ssp. japonica、O. sativa ssp. indica、O. glaberrima 及其种间杂种的香气化学进行了表征和比较。
在所研究的七个西非种植的代表性稻米品种中共鉴定出 41 种挥发性物质，其中 3,5,5-三甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮、苯乙烯、桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、桃金娘醛和 L-α-萜品醇以前未在稻米中报道过。还鉴定出 33 种有气味活性的化合物。4-乙基苯酚和（E，E）-2,4-庚二烯醛是 O. glaberrima 所特有的，而吡啶、桉叶油醇和桃金娘醛仅在种间杂种中描述过。描述性感官分析表明，“煮熟的谷物”、“谷仓”和“泥土”等属性在品种间存在统计学差异。
香气化学数据表明，有可能将非洲品种分为不同的风味类型，从而促进在非洲水稻育种计划中选择具有优良风味的新品种。
