Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 29;11(4):728. doi: 10.3390/nu11040728.
Rice ( L.) is the main food source for more than half of humankind. Rice is rich in phytochemicals and antioxidants with several biological activities; among these compounds, the presence of γ-oryzanol is noteworthy. The present study aims to explore the effects of γ-oryzanol on cognitive performance in a mouse model of neuroinflammation and cognitive alterations.
Mice received 100 mg/kg γ-oryzanol (ORY) or vehicle once daily for 21 consecutive days and were then exposed to an inflammatory stimulus elicited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A novel object recognition test and mRNA expression of antioxidant and neuroinflammatory markers in the hippocampus were evaluated.
ORY treatment was able to improve cognitive performance during the neuroinflammatory response. Furthermore, phase II antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH-dehydrogenase-quinone-1 (NQO1) were upregulated in the hippocampi of ORY and ORY+LPS mice. Lastly, γ-oryzanol showed a strong anti-inflammatory action by downregulating inflammatory genes after LPS treatment.
These results suggest that chronic consumption of γ-oryzanol can revert the LPS-induced cognitive and memory impairments by promoting hippocampal antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecular responses.
大米（L.）是超过半数人类的主要食物来源。大米富含具有多种生物活性的植物化学物质和抗氧化剂；在这些化合物中，γ-谷维素的存在值得注意。本研究旨在探索γ-谷维素对神经炎症和认知改变小鼠模型认知表现的影响。
小鼠每天接受 100mg/kgγ-谷维素（ORY）或载体一次，连续 21 天，然后暴露于脂多糖（LPS）引起的炎症刺激下。评估新物体识别测试和海马体抗氧化和神经炎症标志物的 mRNA 表达。
ORY 治疗能够改善神经炎症反应期间的认知表现。此外，ORY 和 ORY+LPS 小鼠的海马体中，Ⅱ相抗氧化酶，如血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸脱氢酶醌-1（NQO1）的表达上调。最后，γ-谷维素通过下调 LPS 处理后的炎症基因表现出强烈的抗炎作用。
这些结果表明，慢性食用γ-谷维素可以通过促进海马体抗氧化和抗炎分子反应来逆转 LPS 诱导的认知和记忆损伤。
