College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany; Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2014 Jan;87(1):18-29. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12188. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
Archaea in rice fields play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycling. They comprise methane-producing Euryarchaeota as well as ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota, but their community structures and population dynamics have not yet been studied in the same system. Different soil compartments (surface, bulk, rhizospheric soil) and ages of roots (young and old roots) at two N fertilization levels and at three time points (the panicle initiation, heading and maturity periods) of the season were assayed by determining the abundance (using qPCR) and composition (using T-RFLP and cloning/sequencing) of archaeal genes (mcrA, amoA, 16S rRNA gene). The community of total Archaea in soil and root samples mainly consisted of the methanogens and the Thaumarchaeota and their abundance increased over the season. Methanogens proliferated everywhere, but Thaumarchaeota proliferated only on the roots and in response to nitrogen fertilization. The community structures of Archaea, methanogens and Thaumarchaeota were different in soil and root samples indicating niche differentiation. While Methanobacteriales were generally present, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanocellales were the dominant methanogens in soil and root samples, respectively. The results emphasize the specific colonization of roots by two ecophysiologically different groups of archaea which may belong to the core root biome.
稻田中的古菌在碳氮循环中起着重要作用。它们包括产甲烷的广古菌以及氨氧化古菌，但它们的群落结构和种群动态尚未在同一系统中进行研究。通过使用 qPCR 确定丰度（使用 qPCR）和组成（使用 T-RFLP 和克隆/测序）来分析两个氮施肥水平和季节的三个时间点（颖花起始、抽穗和成熟期间）的不同土壤区室（表面、体相、根际土壤）和根的年龄（年轻根和老根）的古菌基因（mcrA、amoA、16S rRNA 基因）。土壤和根样本中总古菌的群落主要由产甲烷菌和氨氧化古菌组成，其丰度随季节而增加。产甲烷菌无处不在繁殖，但氨氧化古菌仅在根上繁殖，并对氮施肥有反应。古菌、产甲烷菌和氨氧化古菌的群落结构在土壤和根样本中不同，表明存在生态位分化。虽然 Methanobacteriales 普遍存在，但 Methanosarcinaceae 和 Methanocellales 分别是土壤和根样本中的主要产甲烷菌。研究结果强调了两种具有不同生理特性的古菌对根的特定定植，它们可能属于核心根生物群。
