Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Langmuir. 2013 Aug 20;29(33):10297-302. doi: 10.1021/la401955x. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Nanoparticles (NPs) are generally believed to derive their high reactivity from the inherently large specific surface area. Here we show that this is just the trivial part of a more involved picture. Nanoparticles that carry electric charge are able to generate chemical reaction rates that are even substantially larger than those for similar molecular reactants. This is achieved by Boltzmann accumulation of ionic reactants and the Debye acceleration of their transport. The ensuing unique reactivity features are general for all types of nanoparticles but most prominent for soft ones that exploit the accelerating mechanisms on a 3D level. These features have great potential for exploitation in the catalysis of ionic reactions: the reactivity of sites can be enhanced by increasing the indifferent charge density in the NP body.
纳米粒子（NPs）通常被认为其高反应活性源于其固有的大比表面积。在这里，我们表明这只是一个更为复杂情况的次要部分。带有电荷的纳米粒子能够产生甚至比类似分子反应物更大的化学反应速率。这是通过离子反应物的玻尔兹曼积累和它们传输的德拜加速来实现的。由此产生的独特反应性特征对于所有类型的纳米粒子都是通用的，但对于软纳米粒子来说最为突出，软纳米粒子在 3D 水平上利用加速机制。这些特征在离子反应的催化中有很大的应用潜力：通过增加 NP 体中的无关电荷密度，可以增强位点的反应活性。
