Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Nutrients. 2013 Jul 31;5(8):3005-21. doi: 10.3390/nu5083005.
Vitamin D deficiency, as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related risk factors are highly prevalent worldwide and frequently co-occur. Vitamin D has long been known to be an essential part of bone metabolism, although recent evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a key role in the pathophysiology of other diseases, including CVD, as well. In this review, we aim to summarize the most recent data on the involvement of vitamin D deficiency in the development of major cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, we outline the most recent observational, as well as interventional data on the influence of vitamin D on CVD. Since it is still an unresolved issue whether vitamin D deficiency is causally involved in the pathogenesis of CVD, data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes are awaited with anticipation. At present, we can only conclude that vitamin D deficiency is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, but whether vitamin D supplementation can significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes is still largely unknown.
维生素 D 缺乏以及心血管疾病（CVD）和相关危险因素在全球范围内非常普遍，且常同时发生。尽管维生素 D 长期以来一直被认为是骨骼代谢的重要组成部分，但最近的证据表明，维生素 D 在包括 CVD 在内的其他疾病的病理生理学中也起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们旨在总结关于维生素 D 缺乏在主要心血管危险因素（高血压、肥胖和血脂异常、2 型糖尿病、慢性肾脏病和内皮功能障碍）发展中的最新数据。此外，我们还概述了关于维生素 D 对 CVD 影响的最新观察性和干预性数据。由于维生素 D 缺乏是否与 CVD 的发病机制有关仍未得到解决，因此，人们期待着设计来评估维生素 D 补充对心血管结局影响的随机对照试验（RCT）的数据。目前，我们只能得出结论，即维生素 D 缺乏是一个独立的心血管危险因素，但维生素 D 补充是否能显著改善心血管结局仍在很大程度上是未知的。
